The beaming of external Compton emission

We consider a relativistically moving blob consisting of an isotropic electron distribution that Compton-scatters photons from an external isotropic radiation field. We compute the resulting beaming pattern, i.e. the distribution of the scattered photons, in the blob frame as well as in the observer’s frame by using the full Klein–Nishina cross section and the exact incident photon distribution. In the Thomson regime the comparison of our approach with Dermer (1995) results in concurrent characteristics but different absolute number of the scattered photons by a factor of f_corr = 3.09. Additionally, our calculation yields a slightly lower boost factor which varies the more from the corresponding value in Dermer (1995) the higher the spectral index p of the electron distribution gets.     

可拓模式识别算法中经典域的确定方法

可拓模式识别算法是根据各个关联度的对比来识别最终的模式,其中经典域区间的确定有着重要的作用。传统的经典域确定方法是基于数理统计学的,不适用于小样本数据,数据不完全以及数据分布未知等复杂情况。引入Bootstrap算法,并和传统的方法对比,更精确地确定了经典域区间。     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

图形背景理论模式下英语强调结构的教学认知

在英语中,说话人要重点突出的部分叫做强调.强调结构一直是学生学习英语的重点和难点。传统的教学方法存在诸多弊端,学生不会综合运用,不懂融会贯通。从新的视角对英语强调结构的教学进行认知势在必行。认知语言学中图形-背景理论为重新感知和理解强调结构提供了理据,进行形象具体化教学,有效提高学习效果。     

基于层次评估理论的弹道导弹末段突防制导律研究

针对弹道导弹末段突防问题,应用层次性能评估体系,对弹道导弹末段典型突防制导律进行对比分析.并通过对弹道导弹制导精度、弹道导弹最大过载、弹道飞行时间和反导导弹脱靶量以及它们的均值、均方差的重要性和需求性分析,合理设置评估体系的指标及其权值,应用随机仿真分析方法,对比仿真经典比例导引、修正比例导引和变结构比例导引三种突防制导律的性能.仿真结果证明,层次评估理论可以用于弹道导弹末段突防制导律的评估及优选.     

Analyses toward factors influencing sealing clearance of a metal rubber seal and derivation of a calculation formula

Sealing clearance is a key factor for a metal rubber seal’s sealability. The expansion coef-ficient and expansion deformation in the radial direction of metal rubber have been obtained through a thermal expansion experiment of metal rubber. The influence of the elastic modulus to the sealing clearance has been analyzed theoretically. By combining the temperature and elasticity factors of metal rubber with the elastic mechanics theory, the calculation formula of the sealing clearance has been derived, and the values of the sealing clearance and the leakage rate in certain working conditions have been calculated. Experimental results are consistent with calculation results in a high degree. The calculation formula of the sealing clearance can explain the influences of the temperature and elastic modulus factors of metal rubber on the sealing clearance. It can pro-vide guidance for the study of sealing mechanism of metal rubber seals.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法表面形貌对微通道对流换热的影响

为推动微通道冷却技术在航空发动机中的应用,进一步提高航空发动机性能,本文通过扫描电子显微镜、粗糙度扫描仪等多方式扫描得到实际加工物体表面形貌,结合分形理论进行处理,得到真实、光滑、分形插值、康托尔集四类圆形截面管模型,管径100μm~400μm;采用格子Boltzmann方法进行数值模拟,首先通过与文献中实验结果的对比,验证了此方法的正确性,然后对空气在这四类圆形截面微通道中的对流换热特性进行了数值模拟,计算雷诺数Re范围80~640;结果发现：表面形貌是微通道中对流换热不可忽略的因素,相对粗糙度越大越有利于换热,真实扫描管的换热性能要比相同条件下光滑管高2.22%;分形理论可用于微通道表面形貌的构建,在相同迭代次数下,分形插值模型与真实扫描形貌换热性能相差0.03%,而康托尔集模型与真实扫描形貌换热性能相差1.88%,分形插值模型较康托尔集模型更能真实地反映实际形貌;微通道中,随着雷诺数的增加Nu将不再是常数,而是有增加的趋势。     

考虑配平特性的超声速客机低声爆气动布局优化研究

降低声爆水平是下一代超声速运输机研制需要解决的关键问题之一。低声爆优化通常使飞行器布局向着机翼后掠角增大、机翼沿机身方向分布范围增大的趋势发展,给飞行器的配平和低速特性带来不利影响。以某超声速客机基本构型为研究对象,建立基于类别/形状函数的翼身组合体参数化建模方法;基于超声速线化理论分析外形几何参数对声爆水平的影响。在此基础上,分别针对机身轮廓、机翼平面形状以及扭转角分布对该构型进行低声爆优化和俯仰力矩特性优化,并采用CFD 方法对优化结果进行校核。结果表明：与基准构型相比,在不显著增加俯仰力矩的基础上,优化构型的阻力降低了19 cts,近场过压显著降低,地面声爆响度降低5.1 PLdB。     

飞机发动机混沌振动信号盲分离检测方法

发动机混沌振动信号携带着丰富的状态信息,依据混沌振动信号进行状态监测及故障诊断是一种很有前途的技术手段,但由于混沌信号具有伪随机特性及在低频段具有宽频谱等特点,使得传统的方法很难将其从振动信号中分离。在提取混沌振动信号方面,使用快速独立分量分析（Fast ICA）盲分离方法分离出飞机发动机振动信号中的混沌信号。利用功率谱和Lyapunov指数（LE）方法进行了判定,根据计算结果对发动机状态做出判断,验证了盲分离方法分离混沌振动信号的有效。盲分离检测混沌振动信号的方法不仅使依据混沌信号判断飞机发动机状态成为可能,也为利用混沌信号进行状态预测和控制提供了一种方法。     

热声耦合振荡燃烧的实验研究与分析

热声耦合振荡是在推进系统工作中经常遇到的危害系统工作及安全的现象。它是由非稳定燃烧放热和压力脉动互相耦合产生的系统振荡过程。通过对天然气预混燃烧过程中的热声耦合振荡现象进行了实验研究,分析了不同当量比、热负荷和进出口边界条件下天然气燃烧的动态过程,分析其稳定范围及振荡模态随影响因素的变化规律。结果显示振荡频率随着当量比的减小有所增加,但是没有发生模态变化。在常压条件、接近贫燃熄火极限时,热声耦合振荡现象消失,压力脉动频率跃升至500 Hz或1000 Hz附近的高频。燃烧室出口越接近阻塞条件,燃烧过程的稳定范围越小。同时入口边界位置越接近燃烧段,压力脉动频率越高。热功率变化也会对脉动频率和声压级数值产生影响。另外还采用线性扰动分析方法对天然气燃烧动态过程进行理论分析,进一步研究了不同条件下旋流预混燃烧的热声耦合振荡模态。