矩形截面管道气流中横向运动颗粒的碰壁条件

分析了矩形截面管道气流中横向运动颗粒的运动轨迹及碰壁条件,研究表明颗粒飞出的临界速度随着颗粒直径的增大而减小,当颗粒直径较小时受来流密度、马赫数影响较大,总趋势是来流密度、马赫数越大,颗粒越不容易与上壁面碰撞。但随着颗粒直径的增大,来流条件对颗粒是否碰壁的影响逐渐减弱,决定因素是颗粒直径的大小和颗粒的喷射速度。     

液体火箭可贮存推进剂泄出速度影响因素分析

为提高液体火箭可贮存推进剂泄出速度,缩短泄出时间,通过分析泄出过程中推进剂流动状态及能量变化,建立了推进剂泄出速度的数学模型,按照实际设定参数计算了泄出量,计算结果与实际泄出吻合,并依据模型分析了相关因素对泄出速度的影响程度。结果表明：泄出转接波纹软管管径是影响泄出速度的主要因素,增加软管管径可显著缩短泄出时间;同时,贮箱气枕压力对泄出速度同样具有明显的影响。     

Operating characteristics of a high radius pre-swirl cooling system

An experimental investigation into pre-swirl effectiveness and receiver hole discharge coefficient characteristics for a high radius injection pre-swirl cooling systems was carried out on a physically representative experimental rig with a 450 mm diameter rotor.The receiver holes and pre-swirl nozzle were located at a radius of 181 mm and 180 mm respectively.The experimental work was mainly conducted at 5 000～12 000 r/min,4 bar absolute pressure and 1.132 kg/s air supply.The maximum air supply temperature was 190 ℃.Pressure and temperature distributions in the pre-swirl system were examined with an emphasis on the velocity effectiveness of the pre-swirl system as a whole and on the discharge coefficients of the rotating 'receiver holes' in the rotor.The results showed that the velocity effectiveness increased with increasing swirl ratio resulting in reduced blade cooling flow temperature.Different seal flow configurations caused very different effectiveness at different speeds,but outflow through the inner and outer seals always gave the highest effectiveness compared other configurations.Increasing the seal flow rate reduced the effectiveness.For the coefficient of discharge,except for the low speed range,it increased with increase in swirl ratio for most speeds.      

The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the world.The ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is two-dimensional.In actual linear cascade testing, the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test section.Axial velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D model.Among numerous published cascade works, the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors, such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow conditions.Also, controlling AVDR is limited by the facility capability.Furthermore, real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored sometimes.All these facets add complexity and diversification to the matter.The current paper reviews previous studies and results on AVDR.Consolidated understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.      

基于距离像特征的复合速度估计算法研究

首先分析了步进频率宽带信号混频处理原理和目标速度对距离像的影响。在此基础上,提出了基于距离像熵和距离像对比度的速度估计算法,详细分析了这两种算法的数学原理、步骤、效果、适用条件等。最后,基于这两种算法又提出了复合速度估计算法,大大提高了速度估计精度。     

防风网对煤堆遮风效果的风洞实验研究

为了考察防风网对堆场煤堆的遮风效果,进行了防风网与煤堆之间区域的流场可视化实验。使用风洞模拟大气边界层条件,并将开孔率为38.5%的防风网模型布置在煤堆模型前方。实验中采用粒子成像测速(PIV)系统测量了防风网和堆场区域的平均风速分布,并且获得了煤堆表面的摩擦风速分布,进一步估算煤堆起尘量的变化情况。实验发现,防风网可有效降低煤堆表面迎风区域的摩擦风速,而对背风面的流场分布影响较小。研究结果可为防风网的遮护作用提供一定的实验支持。     

SACMA和QMW试验方法对复合材料层合板低速冲击后压缩行为的影响

采用了 SACMA标准和一种小试样试验方法对复合材料层合板低速冲击后的压缩 (CAI)行为进行试验研究 ,从层合板的冲击损伤分布、冲击后压缩破坏过程 ,以及层合板的准静态横向压缩、开孔后压缩等多方面进行对比 ,结果表明 ,这两种试验方法存在很大差别 ,试验方法不同 ,层合板低速冲击后的压缩行为也不同 ;采用 SACMA标准所测得的低速冲击后压缩强度更能全面反映基体韧性的优劣。作为 CAI试验标准 ,小试样试验方法还有待改进     

战斗机弹射救生系统数值模拟研究

对弹射救生系统这种几何外形复杂、不规则非流线型钝体,以Jameson有限体积法为基础发展了一套基于高质量混合网格的Euler方程解算器,在Euler方程解算器基础上,采用S-A湍流模型发展了一套同样基于混合网格的N-S方程解算器,初步建立了适合弹射救生系统这类几何外形复杂物体的数值模拟技术平台,并采用多种加速收敛措施和合适的耗散项模型使得所发展的解算器在软件实现上鲁棒性很强。通过选取合适的计算起始迎角,对弹射救生系统成功地进行了大迎角和大侧滑角绕流计算,获得了与风洞试验比较吻合的计算结果,并且可以清楚地观察流场中马赫数分布、弹射救生系统各部位压力分布等流场细节,对弹射救生系统空气动力特性分析具有重要的指导意义。该计算平台可作为风洞试验的合理补充、加强和完善。     

固体颗粒冲蚀对钛合金ZrN涂层抗冲蚀性能的影响

采用真空电弧镀在TC11钛合金上沉积ZrN涂层,固体颗粒冲蚀实验研究不同冲蚀颗粒、冲蚀速度、冲蚀角度对涂层抗冲蚀性能的影响,并用SEM观察表面及断面形貌.结果表明,在相同冲蚀条件下,ZrN涂层冲蚀率随冲蚀颗粒硬度、冲击角度及冲蚀颗粒速度的增加而增加,冲蚀角度为90°时,ZrN涂层冲蚀速率最大,ZrN涂层提高了TC11钛合金的抗冲蚀性能.     

弹道导弹突防某型ABL的自旋速度研究

叙述了某型机载激光武器(ABL)的作战方案、杀伤威力及其对弹道导弹的威胁。针对弹道导弹主动段自旋的突防方案,分析了弹道导弹自旋速度的上限、下限和具备突防某型ABL能力的最小自旋速度。以某型远程弹道导弹为例,通过仿真计算确定了其突防某型ABL最合适的自旋速度范围。研究结果表明,所确定的自旋速度范围既能在某型弹道导弹上实现,又能达到突防某型ABL的效果,表明弹道导弹主动段自旋是防御激光武器的一种有效措施。