低成本GNSS终端中北斗三号多频观测的分析及应用CSCD

低成本消费级GNSS芯片相较于传统测绘级接收机在体积、功耗等方面具有突出优势,在未来无人驾驶、物联网等新兴应用领域具有极大潜力。然而当前低成本GNSS芯片的观测量存在非常严重的噪声和误差,为了改善观测质量,低成本芯片正逐渐从单频向多频过渡。首先调研了目前低成本GNSS接收机对多频信号的支持情况,然后介绍了北斗三号多频观测在电离层延迟和整周模糊度估计等方面的应用。通过对真实数据的采集和分析,针对当前原始观测量存在的诸多问题,提出了具体的预处理方案,并在此基础上开展了信号强度、电离层和模糊度实验。实验结果表明,基于华为Mate 40手机的低成本GNSS方案的北斗三频电离层延迟估计误差的均值为-2.97m,三频整周模糊度估计的成功率达93.8%,相较于单频整周模糊度估计的3.11%成功率有显著提升。     

地基雷达探测方位对目标识别的影响研究

导弹防御系统的地基X波段雷达和海基X波段雷达是进行目标识别的主要传感器,它们只有在探测到目标以后才能通过记录目标的相关特性,进行目标识别。由于雷达探测的方向不同,探测到的目标散射截面也不同,因此,在导弹突防过程中,可通过调整弹头的飞行姿态,改变雷达探测方位,从而最大限度地减小目标散射截面,最终影响雷达识别目标的效果。     

GPS和类GPS测距技术在双星编队星座状态确定中的联合应用

为提高状态确定的精度,借鉴AFF技术引入一种辅助手段——类似GPS的伪距和载波相位测距技术(简称类GPS测距技术)．它的伪码码元和载波相位波长比GPS的更短,因而可获得更高精度的相对测量信息．针对对地观测的双星编队星座的状态确定任务,建立了联合GPS和类GPS测距技术进行编队星座状态整体确定的数学模型,并快速同时解算出GPS星间单差模糊度和类GPS星内单差模糊度,最后进行了数学仿真．仿真结果表明,编队状态的精度有明显提高,其中相对位置精度为10~(-3)m,姿态角精度为10~(-4)rad．仿真证明该方法有效．     

Integer phase ambiguity estimation in next-generation geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry

Next-generation Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) system designs are aiming at 1 mm global position accuracy. In order to achieve this, it is not only necessary to deploy improved VLBI systems, but also to develop analysis strategies that take full advantage of the observations taken. Since the new systems are expected to incorporate four independent radio frequency bands, it should be feasible to resolve phase ambiguities directly from post-correlation data, providing roughly an order of magnitude improvement in precision of the delay observable. As the unknown ambiguities are of integer nature, it is discussed here how they the can be resolved analytically using algorithms which have been developed for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications. Furthermore, it will be shown that ionosphere contribution and source structure effects, so-called core-shifts, can be solved simultaneously with the delay, which is the main geodetic observable for follow-on analysis. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, simulated observations were created using parameters from actual design studies. It is shown that, even in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio observations, reliable phase ambiguity resolution can be achieved and it is discussed how the integer ambiguity recovery depends on the number of observations and signal-to-noise ratio.     

基于虚拟基线变换和RBFNN的宽频段DOA估计

提出利用虚拟基线变换的方法解决了频率高端的相位模糊,克服由于相位模糊性造成的方向特征的多值模糊问题,从而简化了从方向特征到波达方向的映射关系。提取无模糊的方向特征,训练RBF神经,进行宽频段波达方向估计。理论分析和试验表明,该解模糊方法计算量小,能有效消除圆阵列的相位模糊,适用阵元数大于等于5的任意均匀圆阵列天线（6元除外）;利用解模糊后的特征建立的DOA估计模型结构简单,性能大大优于直接建模和相关干涉仪法,具有优越的性能和工程实用性。     

幅相联合技术下导引装置测向性能仿真分析

在介绍了国外反辐射无人机导引装置幅相联合测向技术的基础上,分别就干涉仪、比幅法测向条件下导引装置测向性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,导引装置采用干涉仪测向时精度较比幅法测向的精度高,但存在测向模糊;比幅法测向精度不高,但可以解除干涉仪测向产生的模糊。最后,分析给出了测角范围与目标雷达频率、测角误差与测量到达角的关系,得出了导引装置采用幅相联合测向的优势。     

多基线组合求解深空航天器载波相位模糊方法

针对深空航天器高精度定位需求,提出多基线组合求解载波相位模糊方法,获得比群时延更精确的相时延,极大地提高无线电干涉测量精度。首先建立多基线组合求解载波相位模糊的数学模型,推导该方法对长短基线组合的约束条件。然后利用美国甚长基线阵(VLBA)对本文方法进行仿真校验,结果表明航天器定位精度可以达到纳弧度量级。最后结合我国已有干涉测量网,分析在我国未来深空探测任务中采用多基线组合测量载波相时延的可行性,给出满足方法约束的站址选择建议,可为我国深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展和深空测控网的完善提供参考。     

Multipath mitigation method based on Gaussian mixture model in RF relative measurement

Radio Frequency (RF) technology represents a high-precision relative navigation solution that has significant potential for application to earth-orbiting satellites. In precision applications, multipath errors dominate the total error because observables, which are used to estimate carrier-phase integer ambiguity, are not always subject to a Gaussian distribution when dual-frequency ambiguity estimation methods are used in the presence of multipath. As it has been shown that ranging observables obey a Gaussian mixture distribution, this study proposes improvements to the accuracy of estimation based on multipath mitigation founded on the Gaussian mixture model. To this end, such a model is created for integer ambiguity resolution in the presence of multipath, using which the theoretical error in dual-frequency ambiguity estimation is derived. Expectation Maximization (EM), which aids dual-frequency ambiguity estimation, is subsequently proposed to reduce the effect of multipath errors. Finally, two experimental scenarios are implemented to test the performance of the proposed method. The results show that EM-aided dual-frequency ambiguity estimation reduces the range error to approximately 20% in comparison with simple dual-frequency ambiguity estimation. Therefore the proposed technique is effective for multipath mitigation in RF relative measurement.     

基于精密单点定位的航空重力仪运动加速度估计

本文针对航空重力测量中利用单基准站差分GNSS方法估计载体加速度的局限性,提出了两种基于PPP的载体加速度高精度估计方法—位置差分法和相位差分法。在详细推导了两种估计方法解算方程的基础上,研究总结了方法各自的特点与优势,最后通过实验分析了卫星导航误差源对两种方法的影响。实验研究表明,相位差分法在抑制低阶误差方面更具优势;-2~+2周的整周模糊度解算偏差对位置差分法的加速度估计结果在滤波后产生近10mGal的影响;在数据采样间隔为1s时,1周的周跳对相位差分法的加速度估计结果产生数千mGal的误差。研究结果能为航空重力测量中利用PPP高精度估计重力仪加速度提供一定的理论指导,尤其对难以建站的测区的重力测量具有重大意义。     

分离式方位角垂直传递装置校准方法研究CSCD

针对分离式方位角垂直传递装置的技术特点,提出了一种适合不同传递距离、高准确度校准方法。在水平状态下,利用五棱镜、硅油盘和自准直光电经纬仪,实现对不同传递距离无机械连接的方位角垂直传递装置的检测和校准,并对校准系统进行了误差分析和试验验证,为方位角垂直传递装置的推广应用提供理论依据。