Temperature effect on buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube subjected to axial compression

This paper seeks to outline the temperature effect on the buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube(LCCT) subjected to axial compression.The buckling tests of the LCCT specimens subjected to axial compression were carried out on INSTRON-500 N servo-hydraulic machine in dry state and at the temperatures of 25 C, 100 C and 80 C. The load–displacement curves and buckling initiation loads were measured and the buckling initiation mechanism was discussed from experimental observations. Experiments show that the buckling initiation load, on average, is only about 2.2% greater at the low temperature of 80 C than at the room temperature of 25 C due to the material hardening, demonstrating an insignificant increase in the buckling initiation load, whereas it is about 19.5% lower at the high temperature of 100 C than at the room temperature owing to the material softening, implying a significant decrease in the buckling initiation load. The failure mode of the LCCT in axial compression tests at three different temperatures can be reckoned to be characteristic of the buckling initiation and propagation around the central region until rupture. The finite element(FE) model is presented to simulate the buckling initiation mechanism based on the eigenvalue-based methodology. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.     

复合材料MMB试件I-II混合型层间裂纹扩展分析

基于经典层合板理论及双线性黏聚区本构关系，建立了含一般分层裂纹层合板的理论模型，对I-Ⅱ混合型弯曲（MMB）断裂试件进行了裂纹扩展理论分析。提出了一种I-Ⅱ混合型断裂叠加模型，引入I型裂纹分量的刚体转动位移，同时考虑了裂纹长度超过试件半长后中部载荷分量对裂纹扩展的闭合效应，并根据黏聚区力学响应，分段获得了位移函数通解。结合叠加模型的边界条件与连续性条件，分析了MMB试件的裂纹扩展过程，求解获得了载荷-位移曲线。通过与梁模型预测以及试验结果进行对比，验证了本文模型对I-Ⅱ混合型裂纹扩展预测的有效性和准确性，并讨论了初始断裂模式混合比及闭合效应对裂纹扩展过程的影响。结果表明：初始Ⅱ型裂纹比重较大时，中部载荷的闭合效应更为明显，可能出现I型裂纹完全闭合的情况；裂纹扩展过程中，当裂纹长度小于试件半长时，断裂混合比基本保持常数；当裂纹扩展超过试件半长后，闭合效应明显，混合裂纹形式逐渐向单一型断裂模式退化。     

激光脉冲圈焊工艺研究与应用

基于有限元软件MSC.MARC软件平台Hypermesh软件模块仿真模拟了激光连续圈焊和激光脉冲圈焊的温度场分布,模拟结果表明:激光脉冲圈焊可有效控制被焊工件温度场分布,焊接热影响区小,为此采用激光脉冲圈焊工艺焊接簧片式电磁阀簧片组件.研究了激光焊接频率与焊点重叠率以及激光焊接速度与焊缝强度和焊点重叠率之间的关系,从而得出了激光脉冲圈焊焊接工艺规范,即激光峰值功率Pf--300 W,激光基值功率Pj=200 W,激光焊接速度v=3.33 mm/s,激光频率f=20 Hz等,采用该焊接规范焊接完成的簧片式电磁阀已经应用于嫦娥五号探测器推进分系统、轨道器子系统以及上升器推进子系统的液体动力装置之中,并已经完成了飞行和月球探测任务.     

针栓式喷注单元雾化角模型分析

为了实现不同径向孔形的针栓式喷注器雾化角的准确预测，从动量守恒方程出发建立了液膜撞击液膜和液膜撞击液束的雾化角理论修正模型。对于液膜撞击液膜的喷注单元，模型中通过理论推导引入了2个变形因子，将撞击的几何变形效应与雾化角关联；对于液膜撞击液束，通过引入阻塞率定义有效撞击动量比，同时将液束入口孔形的影响隐含考虑在变形因子中，最后根据高速摄影试验结果和数值仿真结果获得了对应的变形因子组合系数，使得新的雾化角模型适应性更广、准确性更高。结果表明：引入变形因子和阻塞率的理论模型预测值与试验及数值仿真结果吻合很好；对于液膜撞击液膜，变形因子基本维持在0.9~1.1，根据试验结果及仿真结果，变形因子推荐值为C₁=0.99和C₂=1.06；对于液膜撞击液束，变形因子推荐值为C₁=0.75和C₂=1.25。该模型根据实际出口的轴向动量和合成总动量计算雾化角，隐含考虑了撞击作用造成的影响，较根据撞击前入口的轴向动量和合成总动量计算雾化角的常用模型预测值准确度显著提高，为针栓式喷注器的理论研究和工程设计提供了重要参考。     

Charge exchange interactions on near-Earth proton radiation for orbit perturbation of high area-to-mass ratio objects

This novel concept expels neutral gas in the presence of geomagnetically-trapped protons in near-Earth orbit. The expelled neutral gas acts to induce charge exchange collisions with the geomagnetically-trapped protons and induce drag on objects which pass through it. The charge exchange collisions between the neutral gas and the geomagnetically-trapped protons create neutrals with similar kinetic energy that are not confined by the geomagnetic field. The charge exchange neutrals are able to collide with orbital objects and perturb their orbits. The delta-v applied by the charge exchange neutral flux is greatest on high area-to-mass objects. Numerical simulation shows charge exchange neutral impacts produce a delta-v on objects on the order of 3.8 x 10⁻¹¹ m/s at a distance of 1 km from the center of the expelled gas in a 1,000 km orbit. The impulse imparted by charge exchange neutral impacts is at least six orders of magnitude smaller than that provided by the induced drag caused by gas expulsion. The localized drag increase can force a majority of small objects into the orbit of the expelled gas cloud, even if that orbit is retrograde to the initial orbit of the objects. This new technique can be applied to the remediation of space debris.     

风扇出口导向叶片低噪声设计Ⅰ:方法与优化

作为"风扇出口导向叶片（Outlet Guide Vanes，OGV）低噪声设计"系列文章的第1篇，本文在现有压气机气动设计流程的基础上，加入了噪声评估过程，建立了基于通流设计的气动/声学一体化设计方法。为提高设计阶段的评估速度，以三维升力面理论与管道声学理论为基础，从通流设计和造型设计输出中提取参数，结合转子尾迹模型，建立了转/静干涉噪声的解析预测模型。以现代大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇/增压级为对象，采用该模型系统分析了OGV轴向掠形与周向倾斜对转/静干涉噪声的影响，获取了轴向掠形角与周向倾斜角等三维设计参数与风扇噪声的关系图谱，初步确定了低噪声设计较优降噪量的掠和倾组合方案。以此为基础，在保持叶尖子午投影位置和弦长不变的前提下，将叶片前缘和径向积叠进行参数化，采用遗传算法进一步开展了OGV的低噪声优化设计，最终获得了2个优化方案，预估的降噪量达到了8 dB。     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

小直径深孔加工技术在航空机载行业中的应用

分析总结了国内外小直径深孔加工技术后,介绍了小直径深孔加工技术在航空机载行业中的应用,及其小直径深孔加工时设备选型需注意的问题。     

外围投篮命中率的概率分析

利用几何概率的方法，解决投篮命中率问题，为将概率论应用到体育中去提供了新的思路。     

3R-3URU可展单元机构及其在构架式可展天线中的应用

提出了一种空间单自由度(DOF)可展单元机构3R-3URU。首先,基于螺旋理论和修正的G-K公式分析了RURUR单闭环机构的自由度,建立了该机构中主动关节和被动关节速度之间的解析关系式,基于此关系式和3个RURUR机构共用首尾转动副的结构特点推导了3R-3URU单元机构的自由度,得到了3R-3URU机构具有1个自由度时各运动副的方向和位置满足的几何关系式。其次,将3R-3URU机构应用于3RR-3RRR四面体可展单元及其组成的球面构架式可展天线中,得到了具有收拢和调姿两种自由度的新型可展机构。最后,利用Adams软件对3R-3URU可展单元机构的自由度和其在四面体构架式可展天线中的应用进行了仿真验证。该3R-3URU可展单元机构具有单自由度、铰链种类少、结构简单等优点,可用于曲面构架式可展天线的支撑机构中,实现大折叠比。