单个航天器对Walker星座中多卫星的近距离接近

通过设计航天器轨道,可使航天器发射入轨后无需机动即实现对Walker星座中非共轨的多颗卫星的快速、近距离接近.给出了该轨道的搜索方法以及基于星座特性的代换法,并给出了仿真示例.      

在轨目标逼近远程导引律设计

利用最优多脉冲方法,对目标航天器逼近过程的远程导引段轨道进行设计.基于Lawden主矢量理论,解决固定时间、燃料最省的逼近轨道问题.通过仿真分析了固定初始条件时燃料消耗量随着转移时间的变化关系.对于燃料和时间均有约束的情况,给出了求解燃料最省和时间最小的多目标优化问题的方法.这一研究对于评估具体任务的燃料消耗和转移时间有重要意义.     

Fuel-optimal and Energy-optimal guidance schemes for lunar soft landing at a desired location

Two guidance schemes (i) fuel-optimal (ii) energy-optimal to realize soft landing at a desired location on the moon are developed using the optimal control laws. The optimal control laws are obtained by solving a two-point boundary value problem formulated based on Pontryagin’s principle. The guidance laws, adapted from the optimal control laws, are obtained as a function of unknown co-state variables. Differential Transformation (DT) technique is employed to determine the unknown co-states at each time instant of landing trajectory using the information on the current vehicle state, target landing site (loaded on-board apriori) and the time-to-go. The numerical integration of co-state dynamics is avoided due to the DT based approach. The time-to-go, a critical parameter for any guidance scheme, is computed and updated real time using a simple strategy which uses the current and end states. The simple strategy for time-to-go works well even when the shape of the trajectory is nonlinear. Extensive analysis is carried out to evaluate and compare the proposed guidance schemes. Further, the proposed schemes are compared with other popular guidance schemes. The DT based proposed schemes help quantify the landing masses for fuel-optimal and energy-optimal objectives. Other features of the proposed schemes are that they do not assume constant gravity field and independent of reference trajectory.     

Capacity building in regional space cooperation: Asia-pacific space cooperation organization

The increasing gap in the space capabilities of different countries has led to the need for capacity building in modern times. Space capacity building of countries without or with limited space capacity via international cooperation with advanced spacefaring nations is a good practice towards intragenerational equity among all spacefaring countries, and between spacefaring and non-spacefaring countries at the same period of time. A case study is used here to show the current situation of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) and its member states that are associated with their space capacity building. The study finds that neither the satellite technology development model developed by Wood and Weigel (2011) nor the model developed by Ercan and Kale (2017) is a good fit for the development of space capability in all of the developing countries. Therefore, using the APSCO member states as a case study may offer guidelines towards the space capacity building of other developing countries. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of the merits and flaws of APSCO’s capacity building programs through comparing them with similar projects carried out by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF) and some other countries is conducive to providing some references for regional cooperation in the field of space capacity building. While international space law and the APSCO Convention can provide the general principles for capacity building activities under the framework of APSCO, they are only relevant to the development of scientific and technological capacities for space and human resources rather than organizational development and legal frameworks. Some international soft laws can likewise provide guidance for the capacity building activities of APSCO and its member states in the areas of international direct television broadcasting, remote sensing and cooperative way. To enhance its and its member states’ space capabilities, APSCO, in the context of space commercialization and maintaining the long-term sustainability of outer space activities (LTSOSA), should establish a comprehensive internal regime that addresses scientific and technological capacity building for space, human resources, organizational development and legal frameworks, a flexible regime for international cooperation with other developed spacefaring nations and international organizations with relevant technical capabilities and an internal research center for space law, and actively expand its membership by embracing other economically or technologically developed spacefaring nations in the Asia-Pacific region.     

Conceptual design,modeling and compliance characterization of a novel 2-DOF rotational pointing mechanism for fast steering mirror

In this paper, a novel 2-DOF rotational pointing mechanism (RPM) is designed inspired by the guidelines of the graphical approach. The mechanism integrates with a fast steering mirror (FSM) for compensating pointing errors of a laser beam. The design intends to achieve an angular travel of ±10 mrad and steers a 25 mm mirror aperture. A planar flexure with beam flexures accompanied in parallel with an axial flexure build-up mechanism configuration. Compliant mechanism-based RPM ensures high precision and compactness. Compliance characteristics are established based on the stiffness matrix method for four different planar flexure layouts. One layout with best in-plane rotational compliance is then assessed for performance sensitivity to mechanism dimension parameters and parasitic error, thus informing the design space. Rotational stiffness in both the in-plane rotational axes and stress is determined based on finite element analysis (FEA). The wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) is employed for developing the proof of concept for the RPM and is then assembled in FSM. Experiments are conducted to determine the rotational stiffness and angular travel about both in-plane rotational axes. Comparison among theoretical, numerical and experiments reveal excellent linearity of rotational stiffness along the rotational travel range. The maximum theoretical error is less than 5.5% compared with FEA while, the experimental error has a mean of 5% and 3% for both rotational axes thus satisfying the intended design requirement.     

通用航空产业发展途径探讨

通用航空由于应用范围广且对经济有较强的拉动作用,受到了各级政府部门的重视,国家的＂十二五＂规划已经将其列为国家的战略新兴产业。针对我国通用航空发展极度落后的现状,分析了制约通用航空产业发展的主要因素,包括空域管制、通用航空法律法规不健全、专业人才短缺以及航空保障设施落后等,探讨了通用航空产业的发展途径,提出了加强宣传、政府主导、专业人才培养等一些有价值的建议。     

Capturability of 3D RTPN guidance law against true-arbitrarily maneuvering target with maneuverability limitation

The capturability of the Three-Dimensional(3D) Realistic True Proportional Navigation(RTPN) guidance law is thoroughly analyzed. The true-arbitrarily maneuvering target is considered, which maneuvers along an arbitrary direction in 3D space with an arbitrary but upperbounded acceleration. The whole nonlinear relative kinematics between the interceptor and target is taken into account. First, the upper-bound of commanded acceleration of 3D RTPN is deduced,using a novel Lyapunov-like approach. Sec...     

无需变轨实现单航天器对星座中多卫星的近距离接近

针对日前广泛应用的相位同构星座，讨论了一种无需变轨实现单航天器与多颗卫星近距离接近的轨道设计方法。其设计思想是首先根据接近任意两颗卫星轨道的约束条件得到轨道簇，再利用搜索的方法从中找出能接近其他一颗或多颗卫星的轨道。研究表明，利用这种方法能设计得到至少接近三颗非共轨卫星的多条轨道。文中给出了一个算例，针对描述符为60：18／6／2的星座，得到了多条能接近3—5颗卫星的轨道。     

一种基于拟合目标函数随动系统的建模与仿真

随动系统主要用于跟踪空中飞行目标,目标的方位可以由水平方位角和高低角度确定,由于水平角和高低角随时间变化的函数往往很复杂,在求控制系统的稳态误差时,难以对目标输入函数进行拉普拉斯变换;采用一种用曲线来拟合逼近目标函数的方法,达到了很好的效果;进而根据系统精度要求可以确定控制系统的放大增益。通过对随动系统的控制和分析,建立控制系统的数学模型,得到随动系统跟随目标函数的响应曲线;随动系统要求有很好的稳定性和很高的精度,采用了一种滞后-引前的校正方法,用MATLAB仿真模拟,并进行时域和频域的综合分析,得到了理想的仿真结果。