Yaw controller design of stratospheric airship based on phase plane method

Recently,stratospheric airships prefer to employ a vectored tail rotor or differential main propellers for the yaw control,rather than the control surfaces like common low-altitude airship.The load capacity of vectored mechanism and propellers are always limited by the weight and strength,which bring challenges for the attitude controller.In this paper,the yaw channel of airship dynamics is firstly rewritten as a simplified two-order dynamics equation and the dynamic characteristics is analyzed with a phase plane method.Analysis shows that when ignoring damping,the yaw control channel is available to the minimum principle of Pontryagin for optimal control,which can obtain a Bang–Bang controller.But under this controller,the control output could be bouncing around the theoretical switch curve due to the presence of disturbance and damping,which makes adverse effects for the servo structure.Considering the structure requirements of actuators,a phase plane method controller is employed,with a dead zone surrounded by several phase switch curve.Thus,the controller outputs are limited to finite values.Finally,through the numerical simulation and actual flight experiment,the method is proved to be effective.     

快速模型预测控制用于微型直升机航迹跟踪

为实现微型共轴无人直升机(MCUH)的航迹跟踪,考虑系统的状态和输入约束,利用非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)技术设计一种快速在线的控制器。首先,简化MCUH的非线性模型,利用系统的微分平坦特性生成满足直升机动力学的可行航迹,沿着该航迹对系统进行线性化,得到近似直升机非线性动力学的线性时变(LTV)模型。然后,将传统输出航迹跟踪NMPC问题转化为LTV-MPC优化问题,降低问题的复杂度,为确保航迹跟踪误差系统的指数渐近稳定,分别设计终端域和终端罚值。最后,通过数值仿真,验证快速在线NMPC策略的可行性。结果表明:设计的预测控制器误差控制精度高、求解速度快,可实现对有约束的时变航迹的跟踪。     

1 种弹用发动机控制系统高空转速超调控制技术应用研究

为解决弹用发动机控制系统缺少发动机进口参数测量,无法实时对PI控制参数进行相似原理修正,从而导致地面点控制参数在高空不适用,产生发动机高空转速超调这一问题,基于压气机出口总压P_3重构发动机进口总压P_1对PI控制参数进行修正,设计了1种发动机进口参数测量不全条件下弹用发动机转速高空超调控制的方法。通过全数字仿真、半物理模拟试验、高空模拟试验及高空飞行试验验证该方法的有效性。     

A feedback-retransmission based asynchronous frequency hopping MAC protocol for military aeronautical ad hoc networks

Attacking time-sensitive targets has rigid demands for the timeliness and reliability of information transmission, while typical Media Access Control (MAC) designed for this application works well only in very light-load scenarios; as a consequence, the performances of system throughput and channel utilization are degraded. For this problem, a feedback-retransmission based asynchronous FRequency hopping Media Access (FRMA) control protocol is proposed. Burst communication, asynchronous Frequency Hopping (FH), channel coding, and feedback retransmission are utilized in FRMA. With the mechanism of asynchronous FH, immediate packet transmission and multi-packet reception can be realized, and thus the timeliness is improved. Furthermore, reliability can be achieved via channel coding and feedback retransmission. With theories of queuing theory, Markov model, packets collision model, and discrete Laplace transformation, the formulas of packet success probability, system throughput, average packet end-to-end delay, and delay distribution are obtained. The approximation accuracy of theoretical derivation is verified by experimental results. Within a light-load network, the proposed FRMA has the ability of millisecond delay and 99% reliability as well as outperforms the non-feedback-retransmission based asynchronous frequency hopping media access control protocol.     

基于神经网络逆控制的发动机直接推力控制

首次将动态神经网络逆控制用于航空发动机直接推力控制。为了有效消除由于神经网络逆模型构造误差(即神经网络逆模型不可能完全逼近航空发动机的逆模型)而产生的稳态误差和解决航空发动机推力不易测量的困难,分别设计了积分补偿器和推力估计器,从而实现航空发动机直接推力控制。飞行包线内数字仿真结果表明,此控制方案具有良好的动静态性能、精度高、跟踪快。     

T-Mac激光跟踪系统动态性能分析

针对基于视觉测量技术的六自由度激光跟踪仪,阐述了其工作原理及动态性能的测试方法,着重考核了T-Mac激光跟踪系统动态姿态角测量准确度。     

基于扩张状态观测器的航天器自适应姿态控制

针对航天器三轴姿态大角度机动时动力学特性耦合强烈的情况,同时考虑外界干扰及执行器的不确定性,根据扩张状态观测器的相关理论,提出了航天器姿态机动的一种自适应输出反馈控制策略。首先,采用动量矩定理和欧拉法建立了航天器的姿态动力学模型。然后,在此基础上,利用扩张状态观测器能够准确地获取航天器三轴间非线性耦合及其他未知的外界干扰信息的能力,设计了一种仅需要姿态角测量值的自适应输出反馈控制律,使航天器在大角度姿态机动的同时能够通过自适应律补偿控制力矩的输出偏差。仿真结果表明,在多种任务模式下,航天器都可以很好地完成姿态机动任务,从而验证了控制律的正确性和有效性。     

空间交会对接微波雷达测量系统面校准技术研究

介绍一种空间对接雷达测量系统地面校准方法.使用三坐标测量机准确标定立方镜和雷达天线之间的关系,将雷达天线和应答机天线分别固定在两空间舱上,在实验现场使用经纬仪测量系统测试.在测试过程中使用空间坐标转换方法,对位置关系中的姿态角进行标校,验证雷达测量系统的测量准确度,确保空间对接舱在太空中对接成功.     

基于扰动观测器的指数时变滑模再入姿态控制

针对再入飞行器姿态控制问题,设计了一种全局鲁棒的基于扰动观测器的指数时变滑模姿态控制器,使得在存在匹配模型参数不确定性和外部扰动情况下仍能够实现精确的姿态控制。首先对飞行器模型进行反馈线性化解耦,将俯仰、滚转、偏航通道分解为3个独立的二阶系统。然后以俯仰通道为例,设计指数时变滑模控制器,使得系统具有全局鲁棒性。进一步,为了减小采用饱和函数消除滑模控制抖振而带来的系统跟踪误差,引入扰动观测器,设计了一种基于扰动观测器的指数时变滑模控制系统。最后,以某飞行器为例建立六自由度仿真模型,在考虑大气密度、转动惯量偏差以及外部高频扰动的情况下,验证了加入扰动观测器后对系统性能的提高。     

一类带液体晃动的航天器滑模姿态控制器设计

针对一类带液体晃动的航天器,在建立系统数学模型的基础上,利用一种增量滑模的设计方法来设计控制器。将系统状态变量分成可自行到达平衡位置和需要施加控制才能到达平衡位置两部分,对于需要施加控制达到预定平衡位置的状态变量,用增量滑模控制来设计控制律,将其分解成两个子系统,选取一个子系统的状态变量构造第一层滑模面,然后将第一层滑模面看成一个状态变量与另外一个子系统的状态变量构造第二层滑模面,最后采用Lyapunov方法求取总控制量。当系统接近平衡位置时,增量滑模控制器可以在保证最后一级稳定的情况下实现整个系统各个状态的控制,在30s内可以保证系统能够稳定在最终的平衡位置上。仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地达到控制效果。