采用GPS对铷原子频标进行校频

在精密定时中普遍采用铷原子频标,虽然铷原子频标的频率稳定度要远优于晶体振荡器,但仍属于二级频率标准,需要用一级频标对其定时校准,比较麻烦。若能采用新的技术对其进行在线自动校准,不仅可以降低运营成本,也可以提高设备的利用率。本文介绍了一种简便的采用GPS对铷原子频标自动校准的方法,供大家参考。     

采用铯束管荧光稳频技术的小型光抽运铯原子频率标准

对于小型光抽运铯原子频率标准来说，激光稳频参考源的稳定性决定了激光系统的频率稳定性，进而决定了整机的频率稳定度指标。激光稳频可以采用饱和吸收稳频和铯束管荧光稳频两种方案。经对比了采用这两种激光稳频方式的整机指标，取得了初步的结果：与采用饱和吸收稳频相比，采用铯束管荧光稳频后，整机的短期稳定度指标没有明显恶化，长期稳定度指标有了明显提升，3.21E-14/100 000s，1.13E-14/400 000s，未出现闪变平台，仍在继续测试中。结果显示，铯束管荧光稳频技术应用光抽运小型铯原子频率标准，具有提高整机长期稳定度指标和增强环境适应性的潜力。     

The COMPLEIK subroutine of the IONORT-ISP system for calculating the non-deviative absorption: A comparison with the ICEPAC formula

The present paper proposes to discuss the ionospheric absorption, assuming a quasi-flat layered ionospheric medium, with small horizontal gradients. A recent complex eikonal model (Settimi et al., 2013b) is applied, useful to calculate the absorption due to the ionospheric D-layer, which can be approximately characterized by a linearized analytical profile of complex refractive index, covering a short range of heights between h₁ = 50 km and h₂ = 90 km. Moreover, Settimi et al. (2013c) have already compared the complex eikonal model for the D-layer with the analytical Chapman’s profile of ionospheric electron density; the corresponding absorption coefficient is more accurate than Rawer’s theory (1976) in the range of middle critical frequencies. Finally, in this paper, the simple complex eikonal equations, in quasi-longitudinal (QL) approximation, for calculating the non-deviative absorption coefficient due to the propagation across the D-layer are encoded into a so called COMPLEIK (COMPLex EIKonal) subroutine of the IONORT (IONOspheric Ray-Tracing) program ( Azzarone et al., 2012). The IONORT program, which simulates the three-dimensional (3-D) ray-tracing for high frequencies (HF) waves in the ionosphere, runs on the assimilative ISP (IRI-SIRMUP-P) discrete model over the Mediterranean area ( Pezzopane et al., 2011). As main outcome of the paper, the simple COMPLEIK algorithm is compared to the more elaborate semi-empirical ICEPAC formula (Stewart, undated), which refers to various phenomenological parameters such as the critical frequency of E-layer. COMPLEIK is reliable just like the ICEPAC, with the advantage of being implemented more directly. Indeed, the complex eikonal model depends just on some parameters of the electron density profile, which are numerically calculable, such as the maximum height.     

原子层沉积纳米钝化层薄膜厚度测量技术研究

原子层沉积无机纳米薄膜技术广泛应用于军民领域。本文通过在原子层沉积系统加装原位石英晶体微天平测量系统，通过原位石英晶体微天平研究原子层沉积无机薄膜生长过程并进行薄膜厚度的在线测量。通过研究原子层沉积反应条件，实现原子层沉积无机薄膜厚度的石英晶体微天平在线测量结果替代薄膜厚度线下光学测量结果，解决各类复杂腔体内壁原子层沉积薄膜厚度无法精确测量的问题。     

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

轻小型高光谱成像仪前置望远系统设计

轻小型、高分辨率已经成为高光谱成像仪的发展趋势。文章基于Offner型光谱成像系统的结构特点,分析了高光谱成像仪前置望远系统的设计特殊性,利用同轴反射系统的几何光学理论求解方法,给出了一种长焦距、大视场的高光谱成像仪前置望远离轴三反远心系统的设计思路和设计结果,光学系统焦距2 500 mm,视场角达到12°。分析表明,该设计在奈奎斯特频率71.4线对/mm处调制传递函数接近衍射极限,结构紧凑,不仅适用于Offner型光谱仪前置望远光学系统,还可用于其它大视场远心光学系统。     

火星大气O3光谱探测技术

O3是火星大气中最重要、最活跃的分子之一,它不仅能够控制到达火星地面的紫外光通量,而且能够追踪大气中水蒸气光化解产生的HOX基,同时也是建立火星大气光化学模型的基础。文章主要描述通过天基遥感和地基遥感两种方法探测得到火星大气O3含量,包括空间和时间的分布、垂直剖面及其变化;具体分析了两种方法的探测机理,详细描述了国际相应光谱仪的整机结构和探测的重要成果,为中国进行深空探测提供了参考。     

基于小孔成像技术的中能电子成像谱仪及其空间观测结果

中能电子测量对空间辐射环境的理论研究和空间航天器的防护设计具有重要意义。北京大学研制的中能电子成像谱仪(BD-IES)利用小孔成像技术实现多方向中能电子的能谱测量。地面标定试验结果表明,BD-IES具有良好的能量线性度和较小的系统噪声,能够有效实现对中能电子的能谱测量。该仪器已成功应用在我国导航卫星上。最新测量结果表明BD-IES对中能电子的测量是成功的,其结果对于研究如亚暴注入、波-粒子相互作用等空间物理热点问题具有重要意义。BD-IES未来将被应用到"风云"等空间环境探测平台上。     

原子氧辐照对MoS_2/酚醛环氧树脂粘结固体润滑涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

为了揭示低地球轨道环境中的原子氧对粘结固体润滑涂层摩擦学性能的影响,制备了MoS2/酚醛环氧树脂粘结固体润滑涂层,并在原子氧地面模拟没备中对其进行辐照.采用球盘摩擦试验机考察了辐照前后涂层的摩擦磨损性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线光电子能谱仪(xPs)分析了辐照对涂层表面结构和组成的影响.研究发现,原子氧辐照增大了涂层的摩擦系数,降低了其耐磨性.表面结构和组成分析表明,原子氧辐照引起涂层中固体润滑剂MoS2发生部分氧化和粘结剂发生部分降解,使得涂层表面的O含量显著增大,而C含量明显降低.原子氧辐照引起的涂层表面结构和组成的变化是其改变粘结固体润滑涂层摩擦学性能的主要原因.     

用于遥感光谱探测的干涉成像光谱技术

由于干涉成像光谱仪具有高通量、高光谱分辨率和光谱多通道等优点 ,成为超光谱分辨率遥感方面的研究热点 ,文章简要分析了国内外的研究现状和干涉成像光谱仪的应用前景 ,主要介绍时间调制型干涉成像光谱仪和基于变形Sagnac干涉仪、双折射棱镜及Savart板等空间调制型的干涉成像光谱仪的形式、原理和特点 ,分析了其光学结构和影响光谱分辨率的因素。