轨道参数对阿尔法磁谱仪太阳辐射热流的影响

为探明阿尔法磁谱仪（AMS）的温度变化规律,并为制定AMS的热控制方案提供指导和依据,推导了AMS重要区域（AMS前方、后方、顶部和左舷）的太阳辐射热流计算公式,分析了这些区域太阳辐射热流随轨道参数的变化,解释了AMS顶部的温度变化和太阳辐射热流变化规律在热控方案中的应用。分析表明在国际空间站（ISS）正常飞行姿态下,AMS前、后方和左舷的太阳辐射热流受太阳光与ISS轨道面的夹角（β角）、ISS与会日点的角距（θ角）和地球阴影区的影响,AMS顶部太阳辐射热流受β角和θ角的影响。得出结论：β角、θ角和地球阴影区均是影响AMS温度的主要因素,各区域的太阳辐射热流变化规律可以作为设计AMS温度控制方案的主要依据之一。     

ZnO/SBA-15无机热控涂层填料及涂层性能

开展高紫外-可见-近红外反射能力热控填料的制备,研制新型低吸收比(α_S)高发射率(ε_H)无机热控涂层。以自制SBA-15和ZnO前驱体为原料通过溶剂热浸渍和高温煅烧法制备ZnO/SBA-15填料,然后与硅酸钾(K_2SiO_3)制备无机热控涂层;采用SAXD、XRD、SEM、太阳反射光谱分析填料和涂层的性能。结果显示采用硝酸锌作为前驱体、m(ZnO)∶m(SBA-15)=3∶7、950℃下烧结3 h可以得到高紫外-可见-近红外反射能力的填料;ZnO/SBA-15/K_2SiO_3无机涂层的α_S为0.09,ε_H为0.91,涂层结合力等级为1级,经过100次-196～100℃热循环实验后,涂层无脱落和开裂现象。SBA-15改性ZnO可以获得具有高紫外反射率和低α_S的热控填料,ZnO/SBA-15填料制备的无机热控涂层同样具备高紫外反射率、低α_S和高ε_H,可以满足航天器高效散热的需求,应用前景良好。     

用于空间探测飞行时间质谱仪的真空系统和取样系统设计

文章介绍了可用于空间探测飞行时间质谱仪的真空系统和取样系统设计,并建立了该TOFMS原理样机的地面试验系统。为适应空间探测和地面试验2种不同工作模式,设计了2套不同的真空系统。根据文章建立的气体样本进样的理论分析模型进行理论分析计算,并通过地面适应性试验测定了质谱室的真空度、空气的Voltage-Amu谱图、Kr样本Voltage-Amu谱图及进样时间。试验结果表明:真空系统和取样系统设计合理,能够满足试验需求;理论分析模型正确,能够用于指导试验。     

Structural and collisional data for Mg III and Al IV

We present in this work energy levels, oscillator strengths, radiative decay rates and fine structure collision strengths for the Mg III and Al IV ions. The 11 configurations: (1s²) 2s²2p⁶, 2s²2p⁵3l, 2s2p⁶3l, 2s²2p⁵4l   (l?n-1$l?n-1$, where n is the principal quantum number), yielding the lowest 75 levels are used. The collisional data for these two ions are missing in the literature, especially the database CHIANTI, this is the principal motivation behind the present work. Calculations have been performed using the AUTOSTRUCTURE code. AUTOSTRUCTURE treats the scattering problem in the distorted wave approach. Fine structure collision strengths are calculated for a range of electron energies from 10 Ry to 240 Ry. The atomic structure data are compared to available experimental and theoretical results.     

Stochastic processes for line shapes and intensities

Stochastic processes provide flexible and fast calculations for modeling dynamical interactions between an atom and charged particles. We use a stochastic renewal process for the plasma microfield being the cause of Stark broadening. The accuracy and improvement possibilities of Lyman profiles calculations with a renewal process are analyzed by comparing to ab initio simulations for ion broadening only. Stochastic processes may also be applied to out of equilibrium plasmas. We present our first results for the effect of Langmuir waves on a line broadened by electrons only, and for the changes of atomic populations submitted to strong temperature fluctuations.     

嫦娥工程X射线谱仪的数据压缩研究

本文对嫦娥工程中的重要科学载荷X射线谱仪提出了一种有效的数据压缩方案。针对具体的数据特征,结合稀疏串编码、相关编码、前缀编码和字典编码等思想实现了无损和近无损压缩,使实验室理想环境下获得以及经嫦娥一号卫星下传的太阳能谱数据平均压缩比分别达到15和7,两种情况下的月球事例数据平均压缩比都为2,同时算法还具有一定的纠错能力,满足了X射线谱仪数据压缩的需求,为嫦娥三号卫星上粒子激发X射线谱仪的星载数据处理和后续工作提供了经验和准备。     

单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能特性分析

碳纳米管的优异力学特性使其在冲击能量吸收方面存在潜在的应用前景,但纳米尺度的冲击验证实验却难以实现.应用分子结构力学、冲击动力学和纳米尺度有限元相结合的方法,研究了单壁碳纳米管受轴向冲击的吸能特性.使用ANSYS中APDL编程语言,建立了单壁碳纳米管的空间结构参数化模型;同时,采用修正的Morse原子势函数拟合了C-C共价键的本构方程.按照最大失效应变作为共价键断裂的判据,对比了长度、直径和手性对单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能的影响.结果表明:采用这种仿真方法可以动态呈现碳纳米管断裂的全过程,且能够证实单壁碳纳米管的比吸能远高于其他材质类似管状结构,其中,锯齿型碳纳米管的吸能特性又好于扶手椅型.      

Full-scale crash test and FEM simulation of a crashworthy helicopter seat

Crashworthy seat structure with considerable energy absorption capacity is a key component for aircraft to improve its crashworthiness and occupant survivability in emergencies.According to Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) regulations,seat performance must be certified by dynamic crash test which is quite expensive and time-consuming.For this reason,numerical simulation is a more efficient and economical approach to provide the possibility to assess seat performances and predict occupant responses.A numerical simulation of the crashworthy seat structure was presented and the results were also compared with the full-scale crash test data.In the numerical simulation,a full-scale three-dimensional finite element model of the seat/occupant structure was developed using a nonlinear and explicit dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA3D.Emphasis of the numerical simulation was on predicting the dynamic response of seat/occupant system,including the occupant motion which may lead to injuries,the occupant acceleration-time histories,and the energy absorbing behavior of the energy absorbers.The agreement between the simulation and the physical test suggestes that the developed numerical simulation can be a feasible substitute for the dynamic crash test.      

Comparison of Antarctic riometer radio wave absorption and THEMIS mission energetic electron fluxes

Simultaneous observations of in situ plasma properties in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere and of ground based instruments, lying on the same geomagnetic field lines, have recently proved to yield significant new results. In most cases magnetosphere ionosphere interactions during the night-time northern hemisphere conditions are studied. Here, observations of energetic electrons in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere made by the THEMIS mission satellites are compared with auroral radio wave absorption determined by riometers in the Antarctic for sunlit conditions. Days for which satellites and riometers are connected by the same geomagnetic field line are selected using a geomagnetic field model. The six days analysed show clear associations between fluxes and absorptions in some cases. However, these do not necessarily correspond to conjugacy intervals. Hours of positive associations are 1.65 times those for negative associations, all hours and days considered (1.42–3.6 on five days and 0.58 on the other day). These computations are assumed appropriate since the footprints of the satellites used approximately follow corrected geomagnetic parallels for all six days studied. The use of a finer parameterization of geomagnetic models to determine conjugacy may be needed.     

单壁碳纳米管低能区光吸收性质

采用半经验方法,通过紧束缚理论建立一维近似模型,研究了单壁碳纳米管的态密度,解释了单壁碳纳米管光吸收谱低能阶段出现的3个吸收峰的形成原因。