Flight Flutter Modal Parameters Identification with Atmospheric Turbulence Excitation Based on Wavelet Transformation

针对基于大气紊流激励的飞机颤振试验数据具有信噪比低以及测量数据以加速度响应形式给出等特点,将小波变换与随机减量法相结合对飞机颤振模态参数进行识别,首先利用随机减量法获得结构在非零初始加速度条件下的自由衰减响应,然后对该自由衰减响应进行Morlet连续小波变换,为使变换简单,本文采用了Parseval定理和留数定理,利用Morlet的带通滤波特性,通过搜索小波变换系数在不同的尺度区域内的极大值,再根据小波变换系数的极大值、相角与固有振动频率及阻尼系数间的关系,即可识别出各模态参数。并对利用小波变换识别颤振模态参数时,实现模态解耦应满足的条件进行了分析研究。通过仿真和飞机颤振试验数据分析,验证了该识别方法不仅简单、有效和可行,而且具有较强的抗噪性。     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.     

PVA浓度对电纺制备ZnO纳米纤维吸波性能的影响

采用静电纺丝法制备ZnO纳米纤维,研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)浓度对ZnO纳米纤维微观形貌、介电性能和吸波性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着PVA浓度从6%增至10%,ZnO纳米纤维直径变细,但珠结增加,粗细不均。当PVA浓度为8%时,ZnO纳米纤维直径较细、粗细均匀、表面光滑、珠结较少,形貌最好。此时,其介电常数达到最高值,实部为15.4~20.8,虚部为3.6~4.7,并在较薄的厚度下具有最优的吸波性能。当70%(质量分数/%,下同)ZnO纳米纤维/石蜡样品的厚度为1.3 mm时,反射率低于–5 dB的吸收带宽达到5.4 GHz(12.6~18 GHz),最小反射率为–16.6 dB。此外,石蜡含量也对样品的介电性能和吸波性能具有重要影响,随着石蜡含量的增加,样品的介电常数降低,当石蜡含量为30%和20%时,样品具有较好的吸波性能。     

吸力面翼刀控制压气机叶栅二次流的实验研究

在低速风洞上通过详细测量叶栅的出口流场 ,研究了叶片吸力面上不同高度处加翼刀对压气机叶栅损失和二次流的影响。实验结果表明 ,合理地选择翼刀安装位置 ,可有效地控制压气机叶栅的二次流 ,降低叶栅的总损失。     

喷气动力装置的红外辐射源及其抑制

本文分析喷气动力装置的红外辐射源,并讨论抑制红外辐射的技术途径.喷气动力装置的红外辐射来源于燃烧引起的高温,并可区分为两大类:固体表面的辐射和热喷流的辐射.一般而言,抑制红外辐射可从以下三个方面着手:(1)用冷却或绝热的方法降低辐射表面的温度,或通过蔽挡阻止红外辐射的传播;(2)加速喷气流与周围空气的混合,使喷流温度快速降低;(3)降低燃烧产物中辐射成分的浓度.     

航空燃气涡轮冷气掺混流动损失的数值研究

采用理论分析的研究方法,对不同冷气掺混形式造成的涡轮气动性能的变化进行了数值计算研究。针对气膜冷却所造成的流动损失,采用修正的Ito等压混合模型;而针对尾缘冷气喷射所造成的流动损失,则采用了修正的Schoberi流动损失模型。对于不同的冷却方式,假定它们之间对主流造成的流动损失是相互独立。以某高压涡轮导向器作为研究对象,分析了各种冷气参数和几何参数对冷气掺混过程的影响规律。研究结果表明,涡轮叶片气冷过程引起的叶栅总压损失随冷气入射角度、吹气比、混合层厚度的变化而显著变化,通过优化设计可以使气冷过程造成的流动损失最小。     

原子氧对Kapton／Al薄膜性能影响研究

模拟空间环境下原子氧辐照条件,通过采用固定的原子氧束流密度进行不同时间辐照试验,研究了温控涂层材料Kapton/Al薄膜的质量损失、光学性能、表面形貌和表面粗糙度的演化规律.试验结果表明,原子氧对材料的剥蚀量与原子氧的作用时间成正比例关系.材料辐照后太阳吸收率发生明显变化,而辐射率几乎不发生变化.辐照后试样表面的粗糙度,是影响太阳吸收率变化主要因素.随着辐照时间的增长,材料表面粗糙度增加,导致太阳吸收率增大.     

某型发动机新件涡轮叶片叶冠掉块故障分析

为排除某型发动机新件涡轮叶片叶冠掉块故障,对故障件进行尺寸检测、加工制造工艺复查、断口分析、结构和强度分析等,认为:引发故障的主要原因是叶冠转接R不圆滑、存在尖角,造成应力集中;而相邻原机件叶片弦宽尺寸超差,锯齿形工作接触面积小,以及非工作面局部碰磨,是引发故障的次要因素。采取并验证了有针对性的排故措施。     

光时域反射仪检定装置测量不确定度评定

介绍了光时域反射仪检定装置的测量不确定度评定方法,此方法适用于建立计量标准的测量不确定度评定.     

A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Active Young Sun on the Early Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars

Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation, heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO₂, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H₂, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂ and H₂O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount of ∼250 bar of O⁺ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×10²⁴ g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and compare our findings with the results of preceding studies.