高频扑动微扑翼飞行器多目标优化设计

微扑翼飞行器高频扑动时机翼与机身最大载荷急剧增加,严重影响飞行性能和飞行寿命。分析微扑翼扑动过程中机翼运动情况及受力情况,建立扑动过程中机翼升力、阻力和惯性力数学模型,提出以改善载荷在时间域上分布情况为目标的多目标优化模型,并且在Matlab环境下采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行求解,得到悬停状态下的Pareto最优解集。结果表明:提出的优化模型使升力峰值与惯性力峰值显著降低,载荷分布情况得到明显改善。     

智能优化算法及其在飞行器优化设计领域的应用综述

在对国内外相关文献进行系统研究的 基础上,阐述了飞行器优化设计领域应用较为广泛的几种智能优化算法的基本原理,分析了 算法的优缺点和改进方法,总结了算法在飞行器轨迹、气动和控制等学科优化设计中的应用 情况。同时,文章对在飞行器优化设计领域应用刚刚起步,但较有发展前景的智能优化算法的 特点和应用情况进行了概述。最后,对智能优化算法在飞行器优化设计领域应用的未来研究 方向进行了分析。
     

Three-dimensional path planning for unmanned aerial vehicle based on interfered fluid dynamical system

This paper proposes a method for planning the three-dimensional path for low-flying unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) in complex terrain based on interfered fluid dynamical system(IFDS) and the theory of obstacle avoidance by the flowing stream. With no requirement of solutions to fluid equations under complex boundary conditions, the proposed method is suitable for situations with complex terrain and different shapes of obstacles. Firstly, by transforming the mountains, radar and anti-aircraft fire in complex terrain into cylindrical, conical, spherical, parallelepiped obstacles and their combinations, the 3D low-flying path planning problem is turned into solving streamlines for obstacle avoidance by fluid flow. Secondly, on the basis of a unified mathematical expression of typical obstacle shapes including sphere, cylinder, cone and parallelepiped, the modulation matrix for interfered fluid dynamical system is constructed and 3D streamlines around a single obstacle are obtained. Solutions to streamlines with multiple obstacles are then derived using weighted average of the velocity field. Thirdly, extra control force method and virtual obstacle method are proposed to deal with the stagnation point and the case of obstacles’ overlapping respectively. Finally, taking path length and flight height as sub-goals, genetic algorithm(GA) is used to obtain optimal 3D path under the maneuverability constraints of the UAV. Simulation results show that the environmental modeling is simple and the path is smooth and suitable for UAV. Theoretical proof is also presented to show that the proposed method has no effect on the characteristics of fluid avoiding obstacles.     

基于预测控制的无人机编队内部避碰

针对无人机编队内部避碰问题,首先采用基于预测控制的方法,解决了在即将发生碰撞情况下无人机的航向调整问题;然后,建立了航路回归模型,解决了无人机避碰后,迅速回归预定航路的问题。仿真结果表明,文章给出的避碰方法能够有效解决无人机编队内部碰撞问题。     

基于LQG/LTR的高超声速飞行器全通道姿态控制

针对高超声速飞行器具有强烈的非线性、耦合及不确定性等特点,且存在系统噪声和量测噪声,使姿态控制变得困难的问题,提出了采用LQG/LTR控制方法进行全通道姿态控制的思路。首先,在平衡点通过小偏差线性化方法建立多变量耦合的控制模型;然后,运用LQG/LTR控制方法设计姿态控制器。仿真结果表明,在有高斯噪声情况下,所设计的姿态控制系统实现了指令精确跟踪,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Longitudinal parameter identification of a small unmanned aerial vehicle based on modified particle swarm optimization

This paper describes a longitudinal parameter identification procedure for a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)through modified particle swam optimization(PSO).The procedure is demonstrated using a small UAV equipped with only an micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)inertial measuring element and a global positioning system(GPS)receiver to provide test information.A small UAV longitudinal parameter mathematical model is derived and the modified method is proposed based on PSO with selective particle regeneration(SRPSO).Once modified PSO is applied to the mathematical model,the simulation results show that the mathematical model is correct,and aerodynamic parameters and coefficients of the propeller can be identified accurately.Results are compared with those of PSO and SRPSO and the comparison shows that the proposed method is more robust and faster than the other methods for the longitudinal parameter identification of the small UAV.Some parameter identification results are affected slightly by noise,but the identification results are very good overall.Eventually,experimental validation is employed to test the proposed method,which demonstrates the usefulness of this method.     

Detached-eddy simulation of supersonic flow past a spike-tipped blunt nose

Space vehicle in atmosphere travels mostly at supersonic speed and generates a very strong bow shockwave around its blunt nose. Oblique shock and conical separated flow zone generated by a forward disk-tip spike significantly reduce the drag by reducing the high pressure area on the blunt nose. This study employs improved delayed detached eddy simulation to investigate the characteristic flow structures around a spike-tipped blunt nose at Mach number of 3 and Reynolds number(based on the blunt-body diameter) of 2.72x10~8. The calculated time-averaged quantities agree well with experimental data. Characteristic frequencies in different flow regions are extracted using fast Fourier transform. It is found that two distinct instability modes exist: oscillation mode and pulsation mode. The former is related to the foreshock/turbulence interaction with nondimensional frequency at around 0.004. The latter corresponds to the interaction between turbulence and shock structures around the blunt nose, with a typical coherent structure shedding frequency at 0.092.     

充气式再入飞行器柔性热防护系统的发展状况

讨论了充气式再入飞行器对柔性热防护系统的具体要求，归纳了柔性热防护系统设计的一般准则。概述了柔性热防护系统在充气式再入飞行器中的应用现状，并指出在多层隔热毡(MLI)外表敷设耐高温涂层是柔性热防护系统的理想方案。介绍了柔性热防护系统的材料技术，指出轻质、柔性和耐高温是柔性热防护材料的主要特征，并建议在充气式再入飞行器的总体设计过程中采用Nextel312作为主要候选材料来完成相应的热防护设计。     

基于改进Gauss伪谱法的探月返回器跳跃式再入轨迹优化设计

基于改进的Gauss伪谱法,研究了探月返回器跳跃式再入轨迹优化设计问题.首先给出了探月返回器再入轨迹优化问题的三维模型.然后针对探月返回器配平攻角飞行的特点,考虑到实际倾侧角反转机动不可能瞬时完成,对单一控制变量倾侧角的变化范围进行合理限制,并以总吸热量为性能指标,设计了满足过载和驻点热流约束的小升力体大航程跳跃式再入轨迹.最后基于该优化算法,将返回器在各相同初始条件下发生跳跃和不发生跳跃时的最大航程进行比较,并求解得到在不同升阻比和存在不同程度大气密度偏差时不发生跳跃的再入轨迹最大航程和过载峰值,以分析跳跃式轨迹在扩大小升力体再入航程方面的优势.     

基于前向补偿的再入飞行器制导控制一体化设计

针对再入飞行器的制导控制问题,提出了一种基于前向补偿的滑模制导控制一体化设计方法。首先,建立了面向控制的再入飞行器制导控制一体化控制模型。其次,设计了非线性干扰观测器对未知干扰进行实时观测,基于反演法和滑模控制方法设计了传统的一体化控制律。在此基础上,改进了滑动模态设计消除系统间的耦合,设计了具有前向补偿的再入飞行器制导控制一体化控制系统,使得整个制导系统是有限时间稳定的。最后,非线性六自由度数字仿真结果表明,相对于传统一体化设计方法和分离设计方法,该方法具有更好的制导性能和鲁棒性。