民用直升机海上搜救遇险人员处置决策支持系统

直升机海上搜救是航空应急救援体系中十分重要的组成部分,但搜救部门在执行相关任务时通常只能依靠已有经验对险情进行分析并制定处置方案,缺乏理论的指导以及工具的支撑。针对海上应急响应过程中从接收到遇险信息到开始执行海上搜救任务之前的阶段,提出一种海上搜救处置决策支持技术框架,在此基础上,研发民用直升机海上搜救遇险人员处置决策支持系统,并通过海上搜救典型任务进行验证。结果表明：该系统能够通过快速制定处置方案并输出评估结果,为实际执行海上搜救任务的机组人员提供处置决策支持建议,间接提高海上搜救效率。     

区域防空组网雷达对跟踪目标交接班模型研究

组网雷达对跟踪目标进行交接班是对目标进行稳定跟踪的基础.在综合考虑组网雷达的作战背景的基础上,分析了接班雷达选择模型和交班时机选择模型.在接班雷达选择模型中,将定位精度和目标在接班雷达探测区域的飞行时间作为接班雷达选择的两个指标,并利用基于理想点的多属性决策方法进行决策,可保证对目标跟踪的连续性并防止频繁交接班情况的发生.最后对提出的交接班模型进行了仿真验证.     

有人机/无人机协同任务控制系统

针对有人机/无人机协同任务控制系统的设计和实现问题展开研究。结合有人机/无人机协同控制过程的特点,提出了基于自然语言接口方式的有人机/无人机协同任务控制系统结构。在此基础上,分析了系统模块的关键内容,设计了面向有人机与无人机交互过程的任务指令格式,提出了基于优先级的任务模式调度策略,针对无人机的典型任务模式,讨论了航路规划的计算方法选择,最后构建了有人机/无人机协同任务仿真环境。仿真试验结果验证了整体方法的可行性。     

A Portrait of the Nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

In 2003, comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko was selected as the new target of the Rosetta mission as the most suitable alternative to the original target, comet 46P/Wirtanen, on the basis of orbital considerations even though very little was known about the physical properties of its nucleus. In a matter of a few years and based on highly focused observational campaigns as well as thorough theoretical investigations, a detailed portrait of this nucleus has been established that will serve as a baseline for planning the Rosetta operations and observations. In this review article, we present a novel method to determine the size and shape of a cometary nucleus: several visible light curves were inverted to produce a size–scale free three–dimensional shape, the size scaling being imposed by a thermal light curve. The procedure converges to two solutions which are only marginally different. The nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko emerges as an irregular body with an effective radius (that of the sphere having the same volume) = 1.72 km and moderate axial ratios a/b = 1.26 and a/c = 1.5 to 1.6. The overall dimensions measured along the principal axis for the two solutions are 4.49–4.75 km, 3.54–3.77 km and 2.94–2.92 km. The nucleus is found to be in principal axis rotation with a period = 12.4–12.7 h. Merging all observational constraints allow us to specify two regions for the direction of the rotational axis of the nucleus: RA = 220°^+50° _−30° and Dec = −70^° ± 10^° (retrograde rotation) or RA = 40°^+50° _-30° and Dec = +70^°± 10^° (prograde), the better convergence of the various determinations presently favoring the first solution. The phase function, although constrained by only two data points, exhibits a strong opposition effect rather similar to that of comet 9P/Tempel 1. The definition of the disk–integrated albedo of an irregular body having a strong opposition effect raises problems, and the various alternatives led to a R-band geometric albedo in the range 0.045–0.060, consistent with our present knowledge of cometary nuclei. The active fraction is low, not exceeding ~ 7% at perihelion, and is probably limited to one or two active regions subjected to a strong seasonal effect, a picture coherent with the asymmetric behaviour of the coma. Our slightly downward revision of the size of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko resulting from the present analysis (with the correlative increase of the albedo compared to the originally assumed value of 0.04), and our best estimate of the bulk density of 370 kg m⁻³, lead to a mass of ~ 8 × 10¹² kg which should ease the landing of Philae and insure the overall success of the Rosetta mission.     

基于全站仪的天文观测与DGPS组合测量方法研究

根据天文方位测量原理,结合全站仪高精度的基线测量功能和DGPS位置测量,对海陆工程测量中目标点或线进行精确解算,测量出目标点位置和基准线的方位,进一步拓展全站仪方位测量功能,解决诸如建筑施工、港口建设、航道疏浚、导管架安装、罗经安装及校准等基准方位、位置标定及复测,使不同作业环境下的位置和方位测量、校准更加简捷、快速,...     

面向GMTI任务的系绳式InSAR系统展开研究

研究了短绳系式合成孔径雷达干涉技术（InSAR）系统面向地面动目标检测（GMTI）任务时的展开问题。使用系统的三维动力学模型,首先分析系统在平衡位置附近的稳定性,确定系统执行GMTI任务时面临的问题。结合GMTI任务需求确定系统短系绳情况时的展开方式,使用粒子群算法对系统初始分离速度和方向进行优选,使系统在展开结束时恰好摆动到水平方向。在展开完成后对系统施加阻尼控制和喷气控制,使系统长期处于水平方向附近,以获取期望顺轨基线,最后通过数值仿真验证。结果表明：考虑展开机构静摩擦力时,在优选的初始状态下无控展开,系统能够到达目标位置,且在稳定控制下能够长期保持顺轨基线大于99.6 m。     

航空装备维修策略模型研究

结合现有航空装备的特点,分析了目前预防性维修方法存在的不足,提出了面向任务的航空装备预防性维修策略,建立了以装备系统任务可靠度为约束条件、维修费用最小为目标的维修策略模型,为科学、合理地制定维修策略提供了理论依据,对提高维修质量和效益有重要意义。     

一种基于飞行任务的临近空间短距滑翔飞行器弹道预示方法

针对临近空间短距滑翔飞行器机动模式多变、弹道参数变化剧烈等特点,本文设计了一种基于变结构交互式多模型滤波的轨迹预测方法.该方法基于飞行任务结合自适应网格构建时变的机动模型集,解决机动模式多变的问题.通过引入渐消因子、修正Markov概率转移矩阵,提出一种变结构交互式多模型方法辨识机动模型特征参数.最后通过更新机动模型中...     

微型空射诱饵任务载荷系统设计与工作状态分析

微型空射诱饵(MALD)是美军研发的一款以信号增强系统、有源雷达干扰机为载荷的由载机发射的诱饵弹。MALD经过20多年的发展,现已成为一款集侦察、欺骗、压制和打击于一体的射频综合诱饵,战场“踹门”作用十分强大。鉴于目前国内对该类型武器的研发尚处起步阶段,美对其载荷相关信息披露甚少,所以本文从MALD的功能出发,对MALD任务载荷系统组成进行分析,在给定的任务背景下,利用雷达对抗理论对其工作状态作初步分析,仿真结果可为MALD战场运用提供理论支撑。     

平面度测量中的选线原则

在平板的平面度测量中,最常用的、精度最高的方法,是利用光电准直光管或激光干涉仪测量一族直线在与平板垂直方向的直线度,然后根据直线度数据来确定平板的平面度。如何选择这一族直线是平面度测量中的一个重要问题。本文提出了绝对基准与浮动基准的概念。对于采用浮动基准的方法,例如准直光管法和激光干涉仪法,从理论上阐明了选线原则为:(1)线族的总自由度必须小于或等于三;(2)至少必须测量三种不同方向的线;(3)二条对角线是确定平面轮廓的最佳线;(4)平板平面度测量中应取四条周线与二条对角线为基本测量线。