基于自动核构造高斯过程的导弹气动性能预测

在导弹的初期设计阶段,通常需要对导弹的气动性能进行快速粗略评估。针对传统工程估算软件计算精度低和CFD方法计算代价大的缺陷,提出一种基于高斯过程回归（GPR）代理模型快速预测典型导弹气动性能的方案。以导弹外形参数和攻角作为模型输入,升力系数、阻力系数和力矩系数作为模型输出,对GPR模型的气动性能预测结果进行分析。首先,与其他常用代理模型的预测精度对比,GPR模型对3种系数的预测误差分别仅为0.24%、0.36%和0.36%,高于其他代理模型的预测精度。其次,考虑GPR模型核函数选择严重依赖人工先验知识的问题,采用了一种自动核构造算法,无需先验知识即可从数据中自动学习核函数。将该算法嵌入GPR框架中,与传统GPR模型比较,实验结果表明：基于该算法的GPR模型对3种系数的预测误差分别降低到0.10%、0.22%和0.17%。最后,给出导弹气动性能快速预测的应用实例,结果表明所提出的GPR模型的导弹气动性能预测方案是有效的,能够满足设计初期快速且精确的气动性能预测需求。     

Chaos and its avoidance in spinup dynamics of an axial dual-spin spacecraft

Attitude dynamics of a dual-spin spacecraft (DSSC) and a torque-free angular motion of a coaxial bodies system are considered. Some regimes of the heteroclinic chaos are described. The local chaotization of the DSSC is investigated at the presence of polyharmonic perturbations and small nutation restoring/overturning torques on the base of the Melnikov method and Poincaré Maps. Reasons of the chaotic regimes initiation at the spinup maneuver realization are studied. An approach for the local heteroclinic chaos escape/avoidance at the modification of the classical spinup maneuver is suggested.     

Statistical properties of fatigue damage of Gaussian random loadings

Firstly, the fatigue damages associated with the random loadings were always deemed as high-cycle or very-high-cycle fatigue problems, and based on Chebyshev theorem, the number of rainflow cycles in a given time interval could be recognized as a constant by neglecting its randomness. Secondly, the randomness of fatigue damage induced by the distribution of rainflow cycles was analyzed. According to central limit theorem, the fatigue damage could be assumed to follow Gaussian distribution, and the statistical parameters: mean and variance, were derived from Dirlik's solution. Finally, the proposed method was used to a simulate Gaussian random loading and the measured random loading from an aircraft. Comparisons with observed results were carried out extensively. In the first example, the relative errors of the proposed method are 2.29%, 3.52% and 1.16% for the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient of fatigue damage, respectively. In the second example, these relative errors are 11.70%, 173.32% and 18.20%, and the larger errors are attributable to non-stationary state of the measured loading to some extent.      

无源器件无源互调干扰行为建模

无源互调干扰会影响多载波通信卫星的正常工作,是目前卫星通信系统必须考虑的问题之一。由于无源互调干扰问题具有一定的复杂性,无法直接分析无源互调分量,因此需要建立相应的模型进行研究。针对无源互调干扰的频率分布特点,采用双指数函数模型和Volterrra级数模型拟合无源互调干扰,推导并建立了QPSK调制信号的无源互调干扰时序模型。基于MATLAB的仿真结果表明,无源互调干扰分量的理论值频点处都出现了相应峰值,且其幅度值与输入信号中心频率处的幅度值的比例符合理论分析。     

复杂载荷下偏心穿透裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法

提出了三维矩形平板内偏心穿透裂纹承受复杂非线性载荷下,仅含有3个系数的通用权函数。采用有限元法获得了三维矩形平板裂纹体模型下的3组参考应力强度因子,结合二元拉格朗日插值法获得了通用权函数系数。进行了自洽性验证以及裂纹面上承受简单3次、5次、7次、复杂幂函数应力分布和残余应力分布下通用权函数的验证。结果表明,通用权函数的自洽性误差在0.9%以内;裂纹面上承受复杂幂函数应力分布时,通用权函数法的误差在4.5%以内;裂纹面承受残余应力分布载荷时,通用权函数法的误差在8.5%以内。说明所提出的通用权函数具有较高的计算精度,可以满足工程中高效、准确地计算偏心穿透裂纹承受任意复杂非线性载荷下的应力强度因子需求。      

一种天线指向机构的支架四孔同轴精密加工技术

天线指向机构是实现天线高精度指向和跟踪的重要零件,其功能是为天线本体提供固定支撑、旋转精确指向、快速跟踪定位等。天线指向机构支架采用硬铝合金材料,整体外形尺寸为210mm×112mm×125mm,结构为薄壁支架零件,装配后四孔形位公差要求极高。在实际加工中采用三轴机床,通过局部余量控制技术来调节零件的变形,合理选择刀具及创新装卡方法和铣削方法实现薄壁支架零件高精度四孔同轴和高平面度的组合件高质量、高效率、低成本的数控加工。     

壁面粗糙度湍流扩展模型及流动数值模拟

采用有限体积法数值求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes流动控制方程,数值模拟表面粗糙度对气动特性和热力学特性的影响。通过修正Knopp的基于切应力输运k-ω湍流模型的粗糙度湍流扩展模型中边界条件ω的值,提高了壁面附近的涡黏度,增加了总壁面切应力,从而引入壁面粗糙度的影响。通过对不同粗糙度的平板流动和NACA 65_2215翼型绕流进行数值模拟,分析粗糙度对表面摩阻系数、斯坦顿数和升力系数的影响。计算结果表明:粗糙度使得平板表面摩阻系数和斯坦顿数增大,翼型流动分离提前,升力系数减小。流经粗糙壁面的流动处于过渡状态时,改进的粗糙度湍流扩展模型改善了原模型速度偏移量与经验公式相比偏小的缺点,同时,表面摩阻系数、斯坦顿数和升力系数与实验结果吻合得更好。该改进模型不需要对壁面附近网格进行加密,能够快速、准确地模拟流经粗糙壁面的流动。     

旋转爆震发动机燃烧室气膜出流影响数值研究

针对旋转爆震发动机（RDE）壁面的高热负荷问题,开展旋转爆震发动机燃烧室壁面气膜冷却的数值仿真,探究气膜出流与爆震波、斜激波和燃烧室流场之间的相互作用以及气膜对壁面的冷却特性。研究结果表明:爆震波对气膜的压缩和冷却孔的堵塞作用明显,气膜对爆震波整体的传播特性影响较小。受爆震波和燃烧室流场的影响,气膜出流存在周期性的摆动情况,这在一定程度上影响了壁面的冷却效果。在爆震波覆盖的壁面区域,峰值壁温下降程度有限,但时均壁温的降幅超过26.9%;在斜激波覆盖区域,随着冷气量的增加,峰值壁温和时均壁温的降幅超过32.5%和51.3%,气膜对该区域壁面的冷却效果更加明显。      

Numerical simulation of broken pin effects on the flow field and cooling performance of a double-wall cooling configuration

In this paper, the flow characteristics of the double wall structure are presented and the effect of the broken pin size on the cooling performance and flow field of the double wall configuration is investigated. A periodic plate model with seven units is adopted, and there are an impingement hole and a film hole in each unit. Under five blowing ratios, six different sizes of the broken pin are compared, and the double wall configuration without broken pins is taken as the baseline. The results show that if the broken pins height is too small, the cooling effectiveness usually cannot be improved. With the presence of broken pins with a height of more than 0.4, the effectiveness is improved due to the enhancement of reattachment and recirculation of coolant. With the increase of the broken pin height, the cooling effectiveness increases. However, the increase of the diameter does not always improve the cooling performance, since the limiting effect of the wall jet. In this study, Case 6 with the largest broken pin always has the best cooling performance, but also the largest flow resistance. In Case 6 temperature is reduced by almost 15 K compared to the baseline, and more areas have relatively higher cooling effectiveness.