吸热型碳氢燃料冷却模拟系统的建立

介绍了一套自行设计的燃料冷却模拟系统,该装置适用于模拟研究各种吸热型碳氢燃料在飞行器上不同冷却模式下的冷却特性, 为燃料将来在飞行器上的工程应用提供实验依据。仪器空白漏热标定结果表明其稳定性良好。在此装置上研究了吸热燃料在两种压力下的冷却情况, 实验发现在通燃料后, 反应管温度下降最低可达９０．６℃, 冷却效果较好; 随着外部热环境的变化, 反应管不同部位的吸热情况发生复杂变化, 尾部出现结焦; 燃料热沉测量值与文献值接近。     

Analog environments for a Europa lander mission

This paper reviews the utility of analog environments in preparations for a Europa lander mission. Such analogs are useful in the demonstration and rehearsal of engineering functions such as sample acquisition from an icy surface, as well as in the exercise of the scientific protocols needed to identify organic, inorganic and possible biological impurities in ice. Particular attention is drawn to Antarctic and Arctic analog sites where progress in these latter areas has been significant in recent years.     

基于故障可诊性的模拟电路多音正弦测试信号进化生成

为增加模拟电路故障诊断中故障模式之间的可辨识性,提高诊断精度,提出一种基于故障可诊性的模拟电路多音正弦测试信号进化设计方法。该方法采用多音正弦信号作为模拟电路故障诊断的激励信号,根据遗传算法的进化生成过程,用混合编程法直接修改待测电路仿真程序中测试信号参数值,实现电路的动态响应。同时动态采集电路可测节点的故障样本集,采用核模糊聚类算法(KFCM)对故障样本进行预处理,计算样本在核空间的类间距离,以类间距离大小作为衡量故障模式可诊性的依据,建立遗传算法寻优的目标函数。实验结果表明优化得到的多音正弦测试信号有效提高了待测电路的故障诊断率。     

Desert RATS 2011: Human and robotic exploration of near-Earth asteroids

The Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS) 2011 field test involved the planning and execution of a series of exploration scenarios under operational conditions similar to those expected during a human exploration mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA). The focus was on understanding the operations tempo during simulated NEA exploration and the implications of communications latency and limited data bandwidth. Anchoring technologies and sampling techniques were not evaluated due to the immaturity of those technologies and the inability to meaningfully test them at D-RATS. Reduced gravity analogs and simulations are being used to fully evaluate Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV) and extravehicular (EVA) operations and interactions in near-weightlessness at a NEA as part of NASA's integrated analogs program. Hypotheses were tested by planning and performing a series of 1-day simulated exploration excursions comparing test conditions all of which involved a single Deep Space Habitat (DSH) and either 0, 1, or 2 SEVs; 3 or 4 crewmembers; 1 of 2 different communications bandwidths; and a 50-second each-way communications latency between the field site and Houston. Excursions were executed at the Black Point Lava Flow test site with a remote Mission Control Center and Science Support Room at Johnson Space Center (JSC) being operated with 50-second each-way communication latency to the field. Crews were composed of astronauts and professional field geologists. Teams of Mission Operations and Science experts also supported the mission simulations each day. Data were collected separately from the Crew, Mission Operations, and Science teams to assess the test conditions from multiple perspectives. For the operations tested, data indicates practically significant benefits may be realized by including at least one SEV and by including 4 versus 3 crewmembers in the NEA exploration architecture as measured by increased scientific data quality, EVA exploration time, capability assessment ratings, and consensus acceptability ratings provided by Crew, Mission Operations, and Science teams. A combination of text and voice was used to effectively communicate over the communications latency, and increased communication bandwidth yielded a small but practically significant improvement in overall acceptability as rated by the Science team, although the impact of bandwidth on scientific strategic planning and public outreach was not assessed. No effect of increased bandwidth was observed with respect to Crew or Mission Operations team ratings of overall acceptability.     

对检定与校准、检定规程与校准规范的再认识

近年来,对检定与校准、检定规程与校准规范的区别及各自的重要性,不少资料和文章都做了叙述与讨论,本文结合工作实践,从测量器具的检定与校准、检定规程与校准规范的编写等方面,谈谈对其再认识。     

CCD相机模／数变换位数的分析

模数变换是CCD遥感相机成像链路中的一个关键环节,对这一过程进行深入分析和优化设计将有助于提高CCD相机的整体性能。该文通过建模和仿真分析了不同的模数变换量化位数和不同量化方案对系统信噪比的影响。     

“嫦娥4号”自主运行任务的设计与实现

从自主运行需求获取、自主运行策略设计、自主运行任务实现3个方面对"嫦娥4号"自主运行任务进行研究。通过在轨飞行验证,"嫦娥4号"自主运行任务的实现除了完善自我诊断及重构能力,还增强了对未知风险的应对能力,增加核心设备的自主管理能力,保证关键事件完成的可靠性与精准性。不仅总结了重要的工程经验而且为未来深空自主运行任务的设计实现提供了直接而有力的技术支持。     

改进状态变量法及其计算机实现

改进状态变量法运用了等效电路的概念,建立了改进的状态向量方程,该方程中包含了确定状态向量初始值的约束条件并同时自动建立了初始值计算公式。这简化了初始值的计算工作,因此克服了传统的状态变量法在这方面的缺陷。该计算公式适用于任意激励、特别是冲激激励作用下的动态电路初始值的计算,简单实用。在此基础上,给出了改进状态变量法的计算机实现方法,其计算程序是一套系统完整的状态变量法分析程序,具有很强的电路适用性。     

基于微处理器的同步串行接口技术研究

设计了一款基于SPI接口的同步串行通信模数转换电路,通过使用MCU片内寄存器配置编程与I/O口模拟时序输出编程的不同方法实现了芯片间SPI同步串行通讯,适应了具有多路SPI通讯接口的复杂集成电路系统设计需求,该技术具有较高的工程应用价值。