TA12钛合金加力筒体局部异常变色失效分析

针对某航空发动机在试车过程中多次出现加力筒体尾端局部区域异常变色现象,为了分析其故障原因,利用外观检查、材质分析和温色模拟试验等失效分析方法,确定了故障加力筒体变色部位经历了最高850℃左右的超温。为进一步评价故障加力筒体的可靠性,对其基体材料力学性能及组织演变规律开展研究。在TA12钛合金板材空冷状态下,从加热温度与组织及力学性能的关系分析结果表明:其力学性能随加热温度的升高呈先降低再提高的趋势,在800℃左右达到最低值,且力学性能变化趋势与组织形态演变呈明显的对应关系。根据加力筒体故障部位力学性能及可靠性明显降低的试验结果,判断该加力筒体不再适合继续参与服役试车,建议更换该故障件,并对替换件进行监控。     

Performance analysis and application on Ti-6Al-4V of micro-forging system

Micro-forging (MF) is a novel surface modification technology which is capable of smoothening and strengthening the workpiece surface simultaneously. Based on analysis of the mechanism and energy conversion of micro-forging process, an electromagnetically driven micro-forging system is developed. To further grasp the kinetic characteristic of the equipment, a simulation model is established and its accuracy is verified. With the help of simulation and experimental results, we propose an input voltage optimization method, which drives the micro-forging head moving in a uniform and stable way. In this study, the influence of MF on surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) is firstly reported. Experimental results show that MF treatment reduces surface roughness (R_a) and increases micro-hardness by 48% and 11.8% at most, respectively. Besides, a compressive stress layer with an amplitude of −1000 MPa and a depth of 0.8 mm is observed. This study analyzes the performance and reveals the potential of micro-forging technology, which lays a solid foundation for expanding its application in TC4 surface modification.     

基于Deform软件二次开发和BP神经网络的TA15多向锻造微观组织预报

通过热压缩实验构建了TA15合金的热变形真应力-应变曲线,以此为基础分别建立了合金双相区及单相区温度区间的热变形本构方程;基于热压缩试样动态再结晶的统计数据建立了TA15合金的动态再结晶模型。借助Deform提供的二次开发功能实现相关数学模型的程序化,制定正交实验方案,实现了TA15合金多向锻造变形的微观组织仿真。通过正交实验分析得出各项因子的影响对象及强弱差异,提出了双相区及单相区温度区间内的多向锻造最佳因子组合。建立了TA15合金多向锻造变形微观组织的BP （Back Propagation）神经网络预测模型,将预测结果与有限元仿真结果进行比较,结果表明两种方法的预测结果基本一致,但神经网络具备有限元仿真难以实现的良好细节预测能力,能更为细致地实现对微观组织分布状态的划分。     

Precipitation behavior and properties of extruded 7136 aluminum alloy under different aging treatments

In this work, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the extruded 7136 aluminum alloy treated by single-stage aging treatment (T6), retrogression and re-aging treatment (RRA), and multiple retrogression and re-aging treatment have been investigated by means of hardness measurements, electrical conductivity tests and tensile tests. The results have shown that the properties of the 7136 alloy such as hardness, tensile strength and electrical conductivity were sensitive to retrogression time (within 90 min). With prolonging the retrogression time, the tensile strength was enhanced first and then decreased, yet the electrical conductivity was continuously increased. The 60 min-treated alloy performed the highest tensile strength (716 MPa), whereas the 90 min-treated alloy possessed the highest electrical conductivity (33.95%IACS). Compared with the T6-treated alloy, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 3.3% and 18.9%, respectively. The electrical conductivity showed an obvious increase with repetitious times of the RRA treatment. After 3RRA60 treatment, a good combination of tensile strength (705 MPa) and electrical conductivity (33.20%IACS) can be obtained. Compared with the T6 condition, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 1.7% and 16.3%, respectively. The mechanism of microstructure evolution under different aging treatments has been discussed in detail.     

含金属相变材料温控组件的研究

研究使用一种含有金属相变材料（Phase Change material,PCM）的温控组件（Thermal Control Component,TCC）对航天器上的有效载荷进行温度控制。通过对载荷的温控需求分析,设计并制备了以Ga-Sn合金为PCM的TCC,并通过地面模拟实验对TCC的温控性能进行测试。实验结果表明这种含有Ga-Sn合金的TCC满足载荷的温控需求。最后在仿真软件中建立了TCC的相变传热仿真模型用于预测TCC的温控性能。结果表明：仿真模型计算所得结果与实验结果基本一致,可用于预测TCC的温控性能。     

PREDICTION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS FOR END MILLING TITANIUM ALLOY USING MODIFIED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION LS-SVM

It is difficult to construct the prediction model for titanium alloy through analyzing the formation mecha- nism of surface roughness due to the complicated relation between influential factors and surface roughness. A no- vel algorithm based on the modified particle swarm optimization （PSO） least square support vector machine （LS- SVM） is proposed to predict the roughness of the end milling titanium alloys. According to Taguchi method and features in milling titanium alloys, the influences of cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth of cut on surface roughness are investigated with the analysis of variance （ANOVA） of the experimental data. The research results show that the construction speed of the modified PSO LS-SVM model is two orders of magnitude faster than that of back propagation（BP） model. Moreover, the prediction accuracy is about one order of magnitude higher than that of BP model. The modified PSO LS-SVM prediction model can explain the influences of cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth of cut on the surface roughness of titanium alloys. Either a higher cutting speed, a lower feed rate or a smaller axial depth of cut can lead to the decrease of surface roughness.     

铣削参数对薄壁叶片铣削振动的影响

针对TC11薄壁叶片在数控加工过程中存在振动问题,采用单因素试验法进行薄壁叶片的铣削试验,建立铣削参数对振动加速度的影响模型,分析各铣削参数对铣削振动的影响规律,运用工艺参数区间敏感性分析方法,优选了铣削工艺参数区间。     

退火温度对Al-Mg 合金拉伸性能和显微组织的影响

通过硬度、拉伸性能测试和金相组织观察,研究了不同退火温度对含和不合Sc的Al-Mg合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:添加Sc明显提高了Al-Mg合金的强度,抑制了合金形变组织的再结晶,高温退火后1570合金中仍弥散分布的Al3( Sc,Zr)粒子质点造成其较高的再结晶温度及拉伸性能.     

Effect of Semi-solid Isothermal Heat Treatment on Microstructure of VW63Z Alloy

The effects of isothermal heat treatment on the semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z (Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.4Zr, wt.%) alloy are studied. It shows that the microstructure of VW63Z alloy could transform from equiaxed crystal to semi-solid spherical crystal after isothermal heat treatment above 620 ºC. With the heating temperature elevating from 620 ºC to 635 ºC and the holding time prolonging from 10 min to 35 min, the liquid fraction increases gradually. The semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z alloy can be divided into three stages, i.e., particle coarsening and spheroidization;particle necking, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening;and dynamic equilibrium. The semi-solid process window of VW63Z alloy ranges from 620 ºC to 635 ºC, where the best process parameters are holding at 635 ºC for 20 min?30 min. The solid fraction, the average particle size, and the shape factor are 41.1%?53.8%, 81.5 μm?83.2 μm, and 0.70?0.75, respectively. The maximum relative deviations of the solid fraction, the particle size, and the shape factor at different heights of the same billet are 44.6%, 17.4%, and 16.6%, respectively, which means that it should pay attention to the uniformity of edge and core of VW63Z alloy during isothermal heat treatment. The driving force of microstructure is supposed to be the reduction of solid-liquid interface free energy.     

Ti对Nb基合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

氧化物的体积与形成该氧化物消耗的金属的体积之比(PBR,Pilliing-Bed-worth Ratio),是判断氧化膜完整性的一个重要判据,是氧化膜内产生生长应力的主要因素之一.基于合金氧化行为建立了一个简化的氧化模型,给出计算合金单一氧化膜PBR的计算式,估算了Nb2O5,Ti2Nb10O29,TiNb2O7,TiO2的PBR.研究表明:在Nb基合金中加入合金化元素Ti,合金的高温抗氧化性能得到改善.实验表明:随着Ti含量的增加,合金氧化膜中氧化产物的种类和含量发生变化,致使氧化膜的PBR发生改变.随着Ti含量的增加,氧化膜的PBR值逐渐减小,致使氧化膜的完整性提高.