Ti2AlC/TiB2/TiC复相陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用SHS法合成了Ti_2Al C、TiB_2、TiC三相复合陶瓷粉体;应用SPS技术制备了Ti_2AlC/TiB_2/TiC块体复相陶瓷材料;采用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对复相材料的相组成、微观形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明:在所制备的复相块体陶瓷中,Ti2Al C为基体相,TiB_2和TiC弥散分布于基体相中;复相块体陶瓷具有高的致密度,为99.6%;显微硬度平均为12.96 GPa;断裂韧性为45.28 MPa·m~(1/2),这为下一步研究其可加工性提供了实验依据。     

孔隙分布对陶瓷材料热辐射特性的影响

通过引入吸收性介质内粒子散射Mie理论,结合多弥散粒子系独立散射理论,针对孔隙具有修正Gamma分布规律的多孔陶瓷提出一种计算热辐射特性的方法,以氧化锆陶瓷为例分析了孔隙分布对热辐射特性的影响.结果表明孔隙分布规律和平均孔径对热辐射特性有显著影响.孔径趋于单弥散分布,将使衰减系数、散射反照率、非对称因子等参数减小,而孔...     

Effect of laser-discrete-quenching on bonding properties of electroplated grinding wheel with AISI 1045 steel substrate and nickel bond

To improve the bonding strength between the nickel bond and the hub of the electroplated diamond grinding wheel, a hybrid technique was proposed to combine laser pre-quenching steel substrate and post-electroplating nickel. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, AISI 1045 substrate was nickel-coated. The bonding properties between the electroplated nickel coating and substrate with or without laser-discrete-quenching were discussed comparatively by scratch, indentation, and thermal shock tests. The results show that the pre-quenching treatment leads to phase transformation of AISI 1045 microstructure from the mixed pearlite and ferrite phases into the martensitic phase. Since the martensitic phase is characterized as a high corrosion resistance, the interface of substrate/coating is smooth and flat in the pre-quenched zone, and the coating is bonded well with the steel substrate. In contrast to the steel substrate without pre-quenching treatment, the proposed technique significantly enhanced the bonding strengths of the electroplated nickel-coating. On one hand, the average hardness of electroplated nickel-coating on the laser pre-quenched zone is increased by 18.7%, and the scratch depth with the same load become narrower and shallower. On the other hand, the coefficient of friction (CoF) and the vibration amplitude are reduced, and the coating is bonded effectively with the substrate to inhibit the crack initialization at the interface. This prevents effectively the coating from peeling off and improves significantly the thermal shock resistance property.     

单向陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸强度研究

采用细观力学方法对单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸强度进行研究.采用剪滞模型描述复合材料出现损伤后的细观应力场,结合基体随机开裂模型、断裂力学界面脱黏准则确定基体裂纹间距及界面脱黏长度.当基体裂纹达到饱和后,假设纤维强度服从威布尔分布,完好纤维和断裂纤维承载满足总体载荷承担法则,采用纤维随机失效模型确定继续加载过程中纤维断裂概率及断裂位置,当纤维承载达到最大时,复合材料失效.讨论了基体威布尔模量和特征强度、纤维/基体界面剪应力和界面脱黏能、纤维威布尔模量和特征强度对纤维失效,进而对复合材料拉伸失效强度的影响.与试验数据对比表明:提出的模型是有效的.      

层合陶瓷基复合材料多尺度应力-应变计算模型

对层合陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)的应力-应变行为进行了研究。基于多尺度分析方法,实现了由组分性能参数到层合陶瓷基复合材料整体应力-应变的计算。采用可实现单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变计算的细观力学模型,由材料的细观组分性能计算出单向板的非线性弹性性能,并将单向板的弹性性能作为层合复合材料模型的输入参数,通过有限元法计算层合陶瓷基复合材料的整体应力-应变响应。与试验数据的对比表明:采用该模型可以实现层合陶瓷基复合材料在单调拉伸载荷及拉伸加卸载条件下应力-应变曲线的预测,其中数据的最大偏离为19.61%.      

纤维泊松收缩对陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线的影响

采用细现力学方法研究了纤维泊松收缩对陶瓷基复合材料迟滞回线的影响.采用库仑摩擦法则描述脱粘区界面剪应力分布,结合拉梅公式得到了界面脱粘区和粘结区的细观应力场.根据卸载与重新加载时纤维相对基体滑移机制,分析了加、卸栽纤维轴向应力分布,假设纤维轴向应力在界面脱粘尖端连续得到了初载时界面脱粘长度ls、卸载时界面反向滑移长度y以及重新加载时界面滑移长度z',讨论了纤维泊松比、纤维体积百分数和界面摩擦系数对加卸栽界面滑移长度、迟滞回线的影响.由于考虑了纤雏泊松收缩的影响,预测的迟滞回线面积及卸载残余应变大于Pryce-Smith模型预测值.     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔陶瓷涂层组织及耐磨性能

为了提高TiAl合金耐磨性能,采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了Al2O2-13% TiO2(质量分数)复合陶瓷涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计分析了涂层微观结构和显微硬度,同时对涂层的磨损特性进行了考察.结果表明,经过激光重熔处理后,陶瓷涂层颗粒细化,片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,获得了基本没有裂纹等缺陷的重熔层.由于陶瓷材料导热系数较低的影响,激光重熔时无法使整个陶瓷层实现重熔,重熔后的陶瓷涂层形成了晶粒细小的等轴晶重熔区、烧结区以及片层状残余等离子喷涂区.激光重熔处理后涂层的显微硬度明显提高,其耐磨性能也明显优于原等离子喷涂层.     

A conceptual configuration of the lunar base bioregenerative life support system including soil-like substrate for growing plants

The paper presents a conceptual configuration of the lunar base bioregenerative life support system (LBLSS), including soil-like substrate (SLS) for growing plants. SLS makes it possible to combine the processes of plant growth and the utilization of plant waste. Plants are to be grown on SLS on the basis of 20 kg of dry SLS mass or 100 kg of wet SLS mass per square meter. The substrate is to be delivered to the base ready-made as part of the plant growth subsystem. Food for the crew was provided by prestored stock 24% and by plant growing system 76%. Total dry weight of the food is 631 g per day (2800 kcal/day) for one crew member (CM). The list of candidate plants to be grown under lunar BLSS conditions included 14 species: wheat, rice, soybean, peanuts, sweet pepper, carrots, tomatoes, coriander, cole, lettuce, radish, squash, onion and garlic. From the prestored stock the crew consumed canned fish, iodinated salt, sugar, beef sauce and seafood sauce. Our calculations show that to provide one CM with plant food requires the area of 47.5 m². The balance of substance is achieved by the removal dehydrated urine 59 g, feces 31 g, food waste 50 g, SLS 134 g, and also waters 86 g from system and introduction food 236 g, liquid potassium soap 4 g and mineral salts 120 g into system daily. To reduce system setup time the first plants could be sowed and germinated to a certain age on the Earth.     

基于节点插值子胞模型的纺织复合材料力学性能预测(英文)

节点插值子胞模型是一种通过虚位移原理和代表性体积单元建立宏观和细观应变之间关系的细观力学方法。采用节点插值子胞模型进行二维纺织纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的力学性能预测。分别建立二维平纹和交叉编织复合材料单胞的细观结构分析模型,分别采用三次B样条和正弦曲线来模拟经纱和纬纱的截面和弯曲形式,并根据纤维和基体中的孔隙含量对其模量进行折减,采用节点插值子胞模型进行宏观力学性能预测,并分析了细观结构参数和纤维体积含量对材料力学性能的影响。节点插值子胞模型的预测结果与有限元法比较表明:采用节点插值子胞模型进行二维平纹和交叉编织陶瓷基复合材料力学性能预测的有效性和可行性。     

Pd-Co-Ni-V钎料钎焊SiC陶瓷的接头组织及性能

采用座滴法研究了PdCo合金及PdCo-V合金对SiC陶瓷的润湿性.设计的PdCo-(4～20)V-(2～4)Ni-Si-B钎料可用于SiC的连接,在1463 K,1493 K两个温度,保温时间均为10 min的连接条件下得到的接头室温三点弯曲强度分别为52.0 MPa和56.8 MPa.微观分析表明,接头中在紧靠SiC的界面交叉分布着Pd2Si相与CoSi (或Co2Si) 石墨的混合相,而元素V只在接头的中央富集,形成了弥散分布的V2C相.