陶瓷纤维梯度增强活塞的梯度方程研究

 功能梯度材料零件具有单质材料零件无法比拟的理化性能优势,然而由于材料分布复杂以及对功能梯度材料本身性能研究不充分,使性能分析存在很多困难。论文应用复合材料热性能理论,采用有限元分析软件ADINA,分析陶瓷纤维梯度增强活塞（材料梯度方程的参数不同）的温度分布和应力分布,结果表明陶瓷纤维梯度层可以明显改变活塞温度分布,缓和由于热膨胀系数不匹配,在陶瓷纤维增强层与活塞本体交界处产生的应力。根据计算结果拟合出温度峰值、整体应力峰值和层间应力峰值与方程系数之间的曲线,并加以验证。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

可重复使用热防护系统防热结构及材料的研究现状

在对国外有关各类航天器的防热结构和材料进行广泛调研的基础上，对陶瓷瓦、柔性毡、盖板等防热结构及材料进行了介绍，并总结了防热结构和防热材料的发展现状及趋势。     

高强度铸造铝合金ZL205微弧氧化陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能研究

采用中性盐雾腐蚀试验法研究厚度对高强度铸造铝合金ZL205微弧氧化陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,微弧氧化处理能显著提高ZL205的耐腐蚀性能,随着厚度的增加,陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能提高,但在厚度达到一定值后,陶瓷膜的耐腐蚀性能提高不明显.SEM和XRD结果表明,随着厚度的增加,微弧氧化膜的表面形貌和相结构都发生变化,从而导致微弧氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能发生变化.     

Al2O3(YAG)/LaPO4层状陶瓷复合材料研究

选择Al2O3(YAG)作为基体片层材料,LaPO4作为界面层材料,采用凝胶注模成型技术制备出基体层材料的坯片,然后在基体层坯片上采用浸渍或喷涂工艺附着界面层材料,最后将坯片叠置于模具中热压烧结.制备的陶瓷复合材料微观结构均匀,基体片层厚度为110-150μm,界面层厚度为10～30μm,实测层厚比为11.重点研究工艺参数及界面层成分对层状陶瓷复合材料室温性能的影响.结果表明,氧化物基层状陶瓷复合材料的抗弯强度比基体材料略有下降,但室温断裂韧性达到了13.52MPa·m1/2,是基体材料断裂韧性的3倍.对比氧化物基层状陶瓷复合材料与基体材料在断裂过程中裂纹扩展路径的差异.     

Combustion Synthesis of h-BN-SiC Ceramic Composites

The feasibility was demonstrated to fabricate h-BN-SiC ceramics through combustion synthesis of the mixture of boron carbide and silicon powders under 100 MPa nitrogen pressure. The mass fraction of BN and SiC in the combustion products were found to be 72 % and 28 % respectively. The thermodynamics of the synthesis reaction and the adiabatic combustion temperature were calculated on the theoretical ground. The bending strengths of the ceramics were measured to be 65.2 MPa at room temperature and 55 MPa at 1350 ℃. The phase composition and microstructure of the combustion products were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of EB-PVD Film:Effects of Substrate Temperature

The 2D kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation was used to study the effects of different substrate temperatures on the microstruc-ture of Ni-Cr films in the process of deposition by the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In the KMC model, substrate was assumed to be a “surface” of tight-packed rows, and the simulation includes two phenomena: adatom-surface collision and adatom diffusion. While the interaction between atoms was described by the embedded atom method, the jumping energy was calculated by the molecular static (MS) calculation. The initial location of the adatom was defined by the Momentum Scheme. The results reveal that there exists a critical substrate temperature which means that the lowest packing density and the highest surface roughness structure will be achieved when the temperature is lower than the smaller critical value, while the roughness of both surfaces and the void contents keep decreasing with the substrate temperature increasing until it reaches the higher critical value. The results also indicate that the critical substrate temperature rises as the deposition rate increases.     

覆膜陶瓷粉末的选择性激光烧结工艺研究及参数优化

研究了选择性激光烧结成形制造过程中激光功率密度、扫描速度、预热温度和激光束扫描间距对烧结成形件致密度的影响,通过正交试验及方差分析,判定了各工艺参数的显著性及其重要性顺序,并给出覆膜陶瓷粉末烧结的最佳工艺参数。     

激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮磨削氧化铝工艺

为了研究砂轮表面结构化对砂轮磨削性能的影响,利用脉冲激光对树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮进行了表面宏观结构化。采用6种不同类型的金刚石砂轮表面宏观结构进行了氧化铝的磨削实验,建立了激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮的磨削力模型,比较了6种不同激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮与非结构化砂轮在不同磨削参数下磨削力的差异,分析了砂轮制造后的表面形貌与结构化砂轮的磨损特性。实验结果表明,砂轮宏观结构化对磨削性能有很大影响,激光宏观结构化砂轮的磨削力可以减小2. 5%~24. 5%,砂轮结构化后的表面形貌出现石墨化现象;宏观结构化砂轮沟槽边缘磨损加剧,但沟槽磨损并没有明显加快宏观结构化砂轮的磨损。     

熔融渗硅工艺制备的SiCf/SiC复合材料微观结构与性能

SiC纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料（SiC_f/SiC复合材料）在航空发动机热端部件方面具有重要应用。本文以第二代碳化硅纤维为增强材料,采用熔融渗硅工艺制备出SiC_f/SiC复合材料,测试复合材料的基本物理性能及常规力学性能,并利用Micro-CT、SEM对试样的微观结构和断面进行了表征分析。结果显示：SiC_f/SiC复合材料的体积密度为2.78 g/cm³,开气孔率小于2.0%,基体较为致密,1 200 ℃时热导率（厚度方向）为14.30 W/（m?K）,室温~1 200 ℃厚度方向和面内方向的线胀率分别为0.59%、0.56%,平均热胀系数分别为5.02×10^-6、4.73×10^-6/K;室温面内拉伸强度典型值为317 MPa,SEM显示试样断面具有明显的纤维拔出效应,弯曲强度和层间拉伸强度典型值分别达794和49 MPa。