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71.
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73.
The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years.
Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder-
and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold
periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects
of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions
with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental
problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation
theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in
the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic
rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities
close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern
view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution. 相似文献
74.
V. Truhlik D. Bilitza L. Triskova 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
A database of electron temperature (Te) measurements comprising of most of the available satellite measurements in the topside ionosphere is used for studying the solar activity variations of the electron temperature Te at different latitudes, altitudes, local times and seasons. The Te data are grouped into three levels of solar activity (low, medium, high) at four altitude ranges, for day and night, and for equinox and solstices. We find that in general Te changes with solar activity are small and comparable in magnitude with seasonal changes but much smaller than the changes with altitude, latitude, and from day to night. In all cases, except at low altitude during daytime, Te increases with increasing solar activity. But this increase is not linear as assumed in most empirical Te models but requires at least a parabolic approximation. At 550 km during daytime negative as well as positive correlation is found with solar activity. Our global data base allows to quantify the latitude range and seasonal conditions for which these correlations occur. A negative correlation with solar activity is found in the invdip latitude range from 20 to 55 degrees during equinox and from 20 degrees onward during winter. In the low latitude (20 to −20 degrees invdip) F-region there is almost no change with solar activity during solstice and a positive correlation during equinox. A positive correlation is also observed during summer from 30 degrees onward. 相似文献
75.
利用佳木斯和北海道东高频相干散射雷达的观测数据,对2018年3月至2019年11月期间两部雷达观测到的F层高度的不规则体回波信号发生率的分布特征进行了对比分析。比较了在地磁平静期（Kp < 3）和地磁扰动期（Kp > 3）的不规则体回波发生率变化特征,分析了回波发生率在昏侧与晨侧增强的现象和纬度变化特征。昏侧回波发生率增强现象在45°－64° MLAT范围内普遍存在,其中55°－64° MLAT的回波发生率在地磁扰动期明显增强。而晨侧回波发生率增强现象主要分布在45°－54° MLAT的地区,除了春秋分季外,地磁扰动的增强对其影响较弱。中纬日侧回波发生率受地磁活动影响较小。 相似文献
76.
邵荣宽 《中国民航学院学报》1997,15(1):67-73
１根据力学，热力学、电化学的原理，就弹性变形对金属热力势和电机电势的影响，从而加速金属腐蚀的问题，进行了详细的理论分析与探讨。 相似文献
77.
Partha Chowdhury Manoranjan Khan P.C. Ray 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
In this paper, we have investigated the intermediate-term periodicities of the relativistic (E > 10 MeV) solar electron flares measured by IMP-8 satellite of NASA for the time period of 1986–2001. This period of investigation includes the entire solar cycle 22; ascending, maximum and a part of descending phase of the current solar cycle 23. To determine accurately the occurrence rate of electron flux, we have employed three different spectral decomposition techniques, viz. fast Fourier transformation (FFT); maximum entropy method (MEM) and Lomb–Scargle periodogram analysis method. For solar cycle 22, in the low frequency range, power spectrum analysis exhibits statistically significant periodicities at ∼706, ∼504 and ∼392 days. In the intermediate frequency range, we have found a series of significant periodicities ∼294, ∼221, ∼153, ∼86, ∼73 and ∼66 days. For short term, periodicities of ∼21–23, ∼31 and ∼37 days were found in power spectrum. When solar cycle 23 is considered the significant periodicities are ∼20, ∼23, ∼29, ∼39, ∼54, ∼63, ∼118, ∼133 and ∼154 days. These results provide evidence that the best known Rieger period (∼153 days), appeared in the high energetic electron flux data for cycle 22 and also likely during maxima of cycle 23. The existence of these periodicities has been discussed in the light of earlier results. 相似文献
78.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(1):251-270
Errors in neutral atmospheric density are the dominant contributor to unrealistic orbital state-vector covariances in low Earth orbits (LEO). Density uncertainty is caused by model-uncertainty at spatial scales below and within the model resolution, as well as input-uncertainty of the environmental parameters supplied to the semi-empirical atmospheric model.The paper at hand provides multiple contributions. First, analytic equations are derived to estimate the relative density error due to an input parameter uncertainty in any of the environmental parameters supplied to the model. Second, it is shown on the example of uncertain geomagnetic activity information, how to compute the required inputs to facilitate the accurate estimation of the relative density error.A clamped cubic splining approach for the conversion from geomagnetic amplitude (ap) to the kp index is postulated to perform this uncertainty propagation, as other algorithms were found unsuitable for this task. Results of numerical simulations with three popular semi-empirical models are provided to validate the set of derived equations. It is found that geomagnetic input uncertainty is especially important to consider in case of low global geomagnetic activity. The findings seamlessly integrate with prior work by the authors to perform density-uncertainty considering orbit estimation. 相似文献
79.
Jie Chen Henrik Lundstedt Hongqi Zhang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
In this paper, the twist values of ‘S’-shape transequatorial loops (TLs) from 1991 to 2001 are calculated, GOES soft X-ray flares dataset of the active regions connected by these TLs are investigated. The result shows the twist value of the TLs has a weak relation with the flare flux. There is no clear correlation between the twist value and the distance between the footpoint of TLs and location of flare in the corresponding active regions. 相似文献
80.
W.T. Sivla H. McCreadie 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The diurnal variation of the mid-latitude upper thermosphere zonal winds during equinoxes has been studied using data recently generated from CHAMP measurements from 2002 to 2004 using an iterative algorithm. The wind data was separated into two geomagnetic activity levels, representing high geomagnetic activity level (Ap > 8) and low geomagnetic activity level (Ap ? 8). The data were further separated into two solar flux levels; with F10.7 > 140 for high and F10.7 ? 140 for low. Geomagnetic activity is a correlator just as significant as solar activity. The response of mid-latitude thermospheric zonal winds to increases in geomagnetic disturbances and solar flux is evident. With increase in geomagnetic activity, midday to midnight winds are generally less eastward and generally more westward after the about midnight transitions. The results show that east west transitions generally occurred about midnight hours for all the situations analyzed. The west to east transition occurs from 1400–1500 MLT. Enhanced westward averaged zonal wind speeds going above 150 ms−1 are observed in the north hemisphere mid-latitude about sunrise hours (∼0700–1100 MLT). Nighttime winds in the north hemisphere are in good agreement with previous single station ground observations over Millstone Hill. Improved ground observations and multi satellite observations from space will greatly improve temporal coverage of the Earth’s thermosphere. 相似文献