考虑杆臂效应与挠曲变形的全自动着舰技术

联合精确进近和着陆系统（JPALS）舰载组件旨在为最终进近阶段的舰载机提供自动着舰能力。针对由于舰船杆臂效应与挠曲变形的存在导致舰载机着舰定位精度下降的问题,开发了一种基于卫星引导的全自动着舰非线性化参数误差模型,结合舰船甲板运动及舰载机纵向飞行控制模型,评估舰船结构挠曲和姿态不确定性对着舰落点精度的影响。结果表明,杆臂效应与挠曲变形对着舰落点精度有显著影响,利用建立的误差模型以及飞行控制模型,能够将着舰落点精度有效控制在着舰标准之内。     

高硅氧/酚醛复合材料热变形实验测试及表面烧蚀形貌分析

通过非接触式高温变形测量系统,对高硅氧/酚醛防/隔热复合材料在单侧热流载荷作用下的温度和全场高温变形进行了精确测量,并对试样体积烧蚀后的表面微观形貌进行分析。实验结果表明,利用陶瓷板在1 000℃左右对高硅氧/酚醛复合材料试件辐射加热200 s后,通过测量发现距离加热面12.62 mm处热电偶温度峰值为259℃,从而说明高硅氧/酚醛复合材料具有优良的防/隔热性能。通过DIC方法测得试样加热200 s后沿加热方向的最大位移为0.18 mm,且沿着试样加热方向位移呈现出逐渐递减的规律。通过对材料烧蚀后表面形貌微观观测和分析,发现在试样加热面上出现了凹凸不平的烧蚀坑,并出现了一层很薄的高硅氧纤维高温熔融后的硅氧化合物颗粒结晶状物质。     

基于超梁降阶模型的蒙皮加筋圆柱壳频率分析

在基于梁平截面假设的复杂结构动力模型降阶方法基础上,文章提出了建立梁超单元和超梁降阶模型的方法。通过对比考虑剪切变形的Timoshenko梁单元刚度阵,给出了梁超单元刚度矩阵的修正方法,提高了超梁降阶模型的计算精度。以蒙皮加筋圆柱壳为例,对比了超梁降阶模型与几种等效梁模型的频率分析结果。结果表明,超梁降阶模型建立方法灵活简单,具有较高的计算精度,能够为火箭结构动特性分析提供参考。     

基于索膜有限元模型的翼伞气动变形仿真

对定常状况下翼伞的流固耦合变形问题进行了三维数值模拟。使用有限体积法计算了飞行时的气动载荷,分析了前缘切口和翼肋开孔对压强分布的影响;基于翼伞结构大位移小应变的特点建立了非线性索膜有限元模型,伞衣由不能承受弯矩的膜单元模拟,伞绳和切口加强带由只能单向拉伸受力的索单元模拟,仿真了受气动载荷后翼伞相对于理想设计位置的变形和应力分布。结果表明:该翼伞展长相对于设计值减小,"鼓包"形成后翼型最大厚度增大,伞衣变形后产生了额外的后掠角和攻角;最大等效应力主要集中在翼肋上的开孔和伞绳连接点处,需合理布置加强带以满足强度要求。     

风扇叶片叶尖扭转特性试验研究

为研究风扇叶片叶尖扭转特性,基于叶尖定时技术,建立一种发动机运行状态动态测量叶片叶尖弹性变形角的试验方法,在压气机试车台对小涵道比双级风扇试验件一级转子叶片不同工况下叶尖扭转特性开展了试验研究。试验结果表明：叶尖弹性变形角表现为随着转速升高而变大及随着特性线向失稳区移动而变大的特点,在100%换算转速近喘点达到本次试验风扇稳定工作状态的最大值1.25°。可变进口导叶（VIGV）角度仅在喘振边界附近对叶尖弹性变形角影响较大。在90% 转速、VIGV角度为-5°喘点处,叶尖弹性变形角出现大幅振荡,经估算,1号叶片喘振前扭转振幅为0.18°,喘点处扭转振幅为1.05°,退喘后扭转振幅为0.11°,通过监测弹性变形角测量叶片振动具有可行性。     

High-speed wind tunnel test of the CAE aerodynamic validation model

For the purpose of establishing and validating aerodynamic performance predictions at transonic Mach numbers, a wind tunnel test was conducted in the High-Speed Tunnel (HST) of the German-Dutch Wind Tunnels. The test article is the aerodynamic validation model from the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment, which is a full-span scale model representation of a business jet aircraft. The wind tunnel test comprised of parallel deployments of balance, pressures, infrared thermography, and model marker measurement techniques. Dedicated investigations with a dummy support were conducted as well, in order to derive and correct for the interference that the support system imposed on the overall model loads. This enabled the establishment of a comprehensive dataset in which the steady overall model loads, the wing load distribution, the state of the wing boundary layer, and the aeroelastic wing shape were quantified for conditions up to and beyond the cruise Mach number of 0.85.     

Delaunay graph-based moving mesh method with damping functions

The fluid–structure interaction and aerodynamic shape optimization usually involve the moving or deforming boundaries, thus the dynamic mesh techniques are the key techniques to cope with such deformation. A novel dynamic mesh method was developed based on the Delaunay graph in this paper. According to the Delaunay graph, the mesh points were divided into groups. In each group, a factor ranging from 0 to 1 was calculated based on the area/volume ratio. By introducing a proper function for this factor, this method can control the mesh quality with high efficiency. Several test cases were compared with other dynamic mesh methods regarding mesh quality and CPU time, such as radial basis function method and Delaunay graph mapping method.     

连接界面变形对转子动力特性影响的力学模型

针对航空发动机在工作过程中振动量增大且伴随有一定的界面磨损问题,在结构特征分析的基础上建立了三盘转子-支承系统动力学模型,并将接触端面同轴度偏差以及平行度偏差进行参数化描述,基于Lagrange方程得到考虑界面变形的高压刚性转子系统动力学微分方程。结果表明,界面变形将使得刚性转子系统产生附加激振力,同轴度偏差引起的附加激振力幅值与转速平方成正比,仅作用在相应自由度上;平行度偏差引起的附加激振力幅值仅与系统刚度和平行度偏差量有关,与转速无关,且其在支承自由度方向上存在一定分量。      

过冷大水滴变形与破碎的影响因素

过冷大水滴（SLD）结冰过程中,影响水滴变形与破碎及其导致的效应的因素众多,多种影响因素耦合作用于水滴变形与破碎的规律还未得到清晰认识。采用数值计算的手段,模拟了SLD运动过程中的变形与破碎现象,分别研究了水滴直径、流场速度及绕流物体尺寸变化对水滴破碎与变形及其效应的影响。通过研究,提出了包含SLD的典型流场区域划分方法,得到了不同因素对水滴破碎区域面积、物面的水滴收集特性、破碎子水滴分布特性的影响规律,发现水滴直径、流场速度、翼型前缘半径与变形和破碎影响撞击特性的程度呈正相关关系。在此基础上,提出了一个综合影响参数X,线性回归分析的结果初步说明,X是表征水滴变形与破碎及其效应的合适参数。相关工作可以为SLD结冰的计算、试验以及防/除冰设计提供参考。     

Whole-process modeling of titanium disc forming for gradient distributions of temperature and deformation

Gradient distributions of temperature and deformation (GDTD) are crucial for achieving dual-performance discs of titanium alloys which is required by the service environment of aeroengine. However, heating, cooling and deforming sequence in the whole process of the titanium disc forming, which leads to difficulties for achieving GDTD due to a lot of parameters. To solve this problem, a whole-process model of the titanium disc forming for GDTD has been established. In the model, heating and cooling via heat radiation, conduction and convection, and deforming by local loading with mold chilling are all considered. Experiments on heating and cooling as well as deforming were carried out by using a furnace and the Gleeble-3500 machine. The experimental data are used to determine thermal parameters and constitutive relations of the IMI834 titanium alloy, and then to verify the reliability of the model. Then the model was used to simulate the evolution rules of temperature and deformation of the titanium disc. The results show that the heating surface, furnace temperature, billet profile and loading rate play the core role for the control of GDTD, and thus a set of parameters were determined. Therefore, this work provides a base for developing a new forming technology of the dual-performance titanium discs with the approach of local heating and local loading.