新型可调引射器焊接变形控制及利用方法

为了保证可调引射器运动机构的灵活性,根据其结构特点,采用胀胎结合胀块的定位方法减小筒体变形,合理布局连杆座和耳座位置以利用焊接残余变形,在胀块上安装与连杆座相应的垫块,减小由焊接连杆座引起的凹陷变形,保证了组合件的顺利安装;同时根据同步环摆动的特点,确定同步环灵活摆动的角向位置,有效地满足了可调引射器的机构运动要求.试验结果表明:可调引射器调节片工作时能够保证打开和关闭2个位置的稳固,未发生构件失效等问题,其可靠性初步满足装机要求.     

薄壁碗状壳渐进成型技术的应用

薄壁零件如汽车覆盖件、机翼、导弹壳体、燃料储箱等在汽车、航空、航天、船舶、家电、机械等行业有着广泛的应用。本文通过对某产品薄壁纯铝碗状壳渐进成型制造工艺的综合分析,阐述了在薄壁回转体零件的加工中,如何通过选择不同的制造工艺,采用“分层制造”思想,将复杂的三维数字模型沿高度方向分解成一系列等高线层,从而实现对产品的渐进塑性成型加工,希望此文对同类型的产品的制造有所借鉴。     

Present-day crustal movement of the Chinese mainland based on Global Navigation Satellite System data from 1998 to 2018

A total of more than 260 continuous stations and 2000 campaign stations from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) project, covering the Chinese mainland and its surrounding areas during the period of 1998–2018, are processed using the Bernese Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software via a state-of-the-art method. We obtain the coordinate time series of all the stations given in the reference frame ITRF2014, estimate the coseismic deformation, and remove outliers. Lastly, we present the latest, most complete, and most accurate contemporary horizontal velocity field with respect to the stable Eurasian plate, irrespective of the postseismic deformations. This study shows that the signal of tectonic movement in Western China is stronger than that in Eastern China particularly in the Tibetan Plateau, with a rate of 18–32?mm/a. Moreover, the signal decays sharply from south to north. However, North China and South China move coherently to the ESE direction mostly at a rate of 4–10?mm/a and have not experienced any abrupt velocity gradients in their interiors. Meanwhile, Northeast China has the lowest velocity of only 2–4?mm/a in addition to the coastal areas that have slightly larger velocities. The densified and continuous observation of GNSS stations are of great significance to the study of the present-day crustal movement and tectonic deformation characteristics of the Chinese mainland. This would help to provide better constraints on the kinematics and dynamics of the region.     

Evaluation of thermal effects on temperature-sensitive operating force of flow servo valve for fuel metering unit

The temperature-induced variation in operating force of flow control valves may result in performance degradation or even jam faults of fuel metering unit (FMU), which significantly affects the safety of aircrafts. In this work, an analytical modeling approach of temperature-sensitive operating-force of servo valve is proposed to investigate the temperature characteristics in varying temperature conditions. Considering the temperature effects, a new extended model of flow force is built and an analytical model of valve friction is also derived theoretically based on the dynamic clearance induced by thermal effects. The extremum condition of friction is obtained to analyze the characteristic-temperature points where jam faults occur easily. The numerical results show that flow force increases firstly and then decreases as temperature increases under a constant valve opening. The maximum friction of flow servo valve can be uniquely determined when the structural parameters and ambient temperature are given. The worst situation just happens at the characteristic-temperature points, which are linearly related to the axial temperature gradients of valve spool. Such evaluations may give an explanation for the temperature-induced jam faults of vulnerable valves and provide a reference for designers to determine a suitable working-temperature range of valves in practice.     

Optimization design of chiral hexagonal honeycombs with prescribed elastic properties under large deformation

Flexible chiral honeycomb cores generally exhibit nonlinear elastic properties due to large geometric deformation. The effective elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio typically vary with an increase in deformation. Here, the size and shape optimization of the chiral hexagonal honeycombs was performed to keep the Young’s moduli and Poisson's ratio unchanged under large deformations. The size of the honeycomb unit cell and the position coordinates of the key points were defined simultaneously as design variables. The equivalent Young's modulus and Poisson’s ratio of chiral honeycombs were calculated through geometric nonlinear analysis. The objective was to minimize the allowable tolerance between the prescribed and actual properties within the range of the target strain. A genetic algorithm was then adopted. The optimal results demonstrate that the chiral honeycombs can maintain effective elastic properties that do not vary under large deformation. These results are meaningful to morphing aircraft designs.     

TC21-0.28%H钛合金微观组织及其高温变形行为研究

利用光学金相及X射线衍射,研究了TC21-0.28%H(质量分数,下同)钛合金的组织结构,通过热模拟压缩实验,研究了TC21-0.28%H钛合金在800～920℃温度范围和0.01～1s-1应变速率范围的高温变形行为,建立了钛合金高温变形本构方程。结果显示,与TC21钛合金相比,TC21-0.28%H钛合金β相比例显著增加,并且有新相马氏体α″与氢化物δ生成,TC21-0.28%H钛合金在α+β相区与β相区的变形激活能分别为233kJ/mol与153kJ/mol,软化机制为动态回复,与TC21钛合金相比,TC21-0.28%H钛合金变形激活能降低,热加工性能得到改善。     

舰载武器惯导传递对准技术分析

舰船惯性大,加之受海水阻力和风力的影响,其运动态势较空中平台和陆地平台特殊,因此舰载武器系统惯导传递对准特性与机载、车载武器系统的惯导传递对准特性不同.通过对舰载武器系统惯导传递对准典型匹配方式的对比研究,结合舰船的运动特性及动态干扰特性,给出舰载武器系统惯导传递对准匹配方式选择原则.     

高能X射线辐照材料的SPH数值模拟

高能脉冲X射线辐照材料时,能量沉积会使材料表层发生气化,并在材料内部形成高压热击波。目前一般采用差分方法对高压热击波过程进行数值模拟。文章尝试采用光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法对X射线辐照材料进行数值模拟,由于材料表层的气化膨胀所致,膨胀后的粒子体积是原来的几十倍甚至上百倍,产生粒子大变形的粒子穿透现象;分析了产生粒子穿透现象的主要原因是气化边界处密度计算公式不合适所致,为此对密度计算公式进行了改进,并开展了基于改进密度计算公式的两种方法的数值模拟,两种方法的计算结果比较一致。     

动态过程的飞艇排气特性分析

在体积可变的情况下,针对一次排气过程中压差和艇囊体积的动态变化,利用伯努利方程和气体状态方程,揭示了飞艇的排气特性,即压差的平方根随时间线性下降。进而提出一种排气阀效率和艇体变形的实验方法,可在飞艇集成测试中同步完成。试验校验了飞艇的排气特性,且飞艇体积变形率与压差成正比,排气阀效率与标定结果一致。本文的结果可为飞艇总体设计、压力和浮力控制提供参考。     

Experimental investigation of transient thermal behavior of an airship under different solar radiation and airflow conditions

Knowledge of the thermal behavior of airships is crucial to the development of airship technology. An experiment apparatus is constructed to investigate the thermal response characteristics of airships, and the transient temperature distributions of both hull and inner gas are obtained under the irradiation of a solar simulator and various airflow conditions. In the course of the research, the transient temperature change of the experimental airship is measured for four airflow speeds of 0 m/s (natural convection), 3.26 m/s, 5.5 m/s and 7.0 m/s, and two incident solar radiation values of 842.4 W/m² and 972.0 W/m². The results show that solar irradiation has significant influence on the airship hull and inner gas temperatures even if the airship stays in a ground airflow environment where the heat transfer is dominated by radiation and convection. The airflow around the airship is conducive to reduce the hull temperature and temperature nonuniformity. Transient thermal response of airships rapidly varies with time under solar radiation conditions and the hull temperature remains approximately constant in ∼5–10 min. Finally, a transient thermal model of airship is developed and the model is validated through comparison with the experimental data.