Quantification of parametric uncertainty in γ-Reθ model for typical flat plate and airfoil transitional flows

Owing to the lack of physical knowledge of boundary layer transition, the γ-Re_θ transition model introduces closure parameters, which increase the uncertainty of transition prediction. The objective of this work is to quantify the uncertainties of closure parameters in the quantities of interests and identify the key parameters. The six closure parameters in the uncertainty intervals are used as input variables, and the uncertainties of the output results are propagated by a stochastic expansion based on the point-collocation nonintrusive polynomial chaos method. The relative contribution of each parameter to uncertainty is evaluated by the Sobol index. The computational cases include natural and bypass transitional flows on zero-pressure-gradient flat plates, and subsonic and transonic flows around airfoils. For most cases, c_e2, c_a2, and c_a1 dominate the uncertainty, and the influence of σ_θt is also significant when the history effects of flow are evident. The contribution of parameters in airfoils is more complex than that in flat plates. The transonic airfoil case shows that flow separation dramatically changes the distribution of Sobol indices, which poses a challenge to the accurate prediction of transition. Generally, c_e2 and c_a2 are the key parameters of the γ-Re_θ model.     

Geometrical and electrical optimization of NS-SDBD streamwise plasma heat knife for aircraft anti-icing

Ice accretion on aircraft encountering supercooled water droplets in clouds poses great risks to flight performance and safety. With the aim of optimizing the newly developed streamwise plasma heat knife method for anti-icing, a parametric investigation is carried out in this work. The influence of the detailed voltage profile on the heating effects of a Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge driven by Nanosecond Pulses (NS-SDBD) is investigated, and a comparison of the anti-icing performance among different configurations of streamwise plasma heat knife is made. The results show that columnar high-temperature regions produced by a multi-streamer discharge appear at small pulse rise time, but become diffuse as the pulse rise time increases. An optimal pulse rise time exists to provide a wide range and high value of temperature, which is found to be 150 ns for the setup in the present study. The influence of the pulse fall time is much weaker than that of the rise time. The range and value of the temperature decrease with increasing pulse fall time. A greater pulse width is found to improve the heating effect by increasing the discharge power. When a spanwise electrode is placed connecting the streamwise electrodes of the streamwise plasma heat knife at the airfoil leading edge, the anti-icing performance becomes poorer, whereas good performance is achieved when the spanwise electrode is at the edge of the streamwise electrodes. Based on this, a three-level configuration of the plasma heat knife is proposed, and its anti-icing performance is found to be much better than that of the original configuration.     

基于柔顺机构的新型可变形机翼设计方法研究

机翼翼型变体技术可以根据任务和环境自适应地改变机翼形状、厚度、弯度等重要参数,使飞机在不同飞行状态下都能取得较理想的气动特性。柔顺机构是实现机翼蒙皮光滑变形的驱动装置,相比传统液压机构具备质量特性好的优势。采用鱼骨型柔性钢架与四连杆机构实现了机翼前缘上下蒙皮向内收缩、前缘形状由钝变尖的弹性变形过程。通过设计“撞块”机构实现驱动行程的有效分解,解决了前缘尖端开口处蒙皮回收与机翼变形控制所需的驱动行程不一致的内在矛盾。变形后翼型与目标翼型误差最大位置不超过4 mm,变形过程中结构最大应力小于材料许用应力值。相比传统采用纯液压机构驱动的变形机翼设计方案,该基于柔顺机构的变体机翼结构减质14.1%。