气流展纤工艺中不同压差和送丝速度对碳纤维展宽的影响

为探究气流展纤工艺中不同出口压差和送丝速度对碳纤维丝束展宽效果的影响,依据Venturi原理,搭建气流展纤试验平台,并记录大丝束碳纤维展宽过程,计算不同工艺参数下碳纤维丝束在不同阶段的展宽率和展宽均匀程度。研究结果表明：通过搭建的气流展纤试验台,能获得展宽率高于400%,展宽均匀程度在90%以上的碳纤维丝束,得到的碳纤维丝束的展宽率与出口压差呈正相关,与送丝速度呈负相关;碳纤维丝束的展宽均匀程度与出口压差呈负相关,与送丝速度呈正相关。     

Carbon monoxide spatial gradients over source regions as observed by SCIAMACHY: A case study for the United Kingdom

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important air pollutant whose emissions and atmospheric concentrations need to be monitored. The measurements of the SCIAMACHY instrument on ENVISAT are sensitive to CO concentration changes at all atmospheric altitude levels including the boundary layer. The SCIAMACHY CO measurements therefore contain information on CO emissions. Until now no studies have been published where the SCIAMACHY CO measurements have been used to quantify CO emissions by applying, for example, inverse modelling approaches. Here we report about a step in this direction. We have analysed three years of CO columns to investigate if spatial gradients resulting from United Kingdom (UK) CO emissions can be observed from space. The UK is an interesting target area because the UK is a relatively well isolated CO source region. On the other hand, the UK is not the easiest target as its emissions are only moderate and because the surrounding water has low reflectivity in the 2.3 μm spectral region used for CO retrieval. We determined horizontal CO gradients from seasonally and yearly averaged CO during 2003–2005 over the UK taking into account daily wind fields. We show that the measured CO longitudinal (downwind) gradients have the expected order of magnitude. The estimated 2σ error of the gradients depends on time period and applied filtering criteria (e.g., land only, cloud free) and is typically 10–20% of the total column. The gradients are barely statistically significant within the 2σ error margin. This is mainly because of the relatively high noise of the SCIAMACHY CO measurements in combination with a quite low number of measurements (∼100) mainly due to cloud cover.     

UV disinfection system for cabin air

The air of indoor cabin environments is susceptible to contamination by airborne microbial pathogens. A number of air treatment processes are available for inactivation or removal of airborne pathogens; included among these processes is ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The effectiveness of UV-based processes is known to be determined by the combined effects of UV dose delivery by the reactor and the UV dose–response behavior of the target microbe(s). To date, most UV system designs for air treatment have been based on empirical approaches, often involving crude representations of dose delivery and dose–response behavior. The objective of this research was to illustrate the development of a UV system for disinfection of cabin air based on well-defined methods of reactor and reaction characterization.     

Measuring the economic benefits of an environmental monitoring satellite project: The value of information approach

This paper reports a first application of contingent valuation method to measure the value of information generated by earth science data from an environmental geostationary satellite payload called Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Satellite. The purpose of the space project is to improve the accuracy of air pollution information by enhancing air pollution monitoring and forecasting system coupled with conventional ground level monitoring stations located throughout South Korea.     

系统仿真及其在防空导弹武器系统研制中的应用

阐述了仿真、仿真模型和仿真系统的应用特点和关键技术，并以战术导弹为例探讨了系统仿真在武器系统研制、试验和降低成本中的重要作用；介绍了国外８０年代以来发展的分布交互式仿真（ＤＩＳ）系统，它们既包括虚拟仿真，也可将真实仿真和构造仿真接入仿真系统，使仿真的范围大为扩展。ＤＩＳ技术构建的人工合成环境，是一个多武器平台的网络式综合仿真系统，具备人机交互功能，可进行武器研究和大系统虚拟对抗演习等；最后，提出了研究和发展我国防空武器仿真系统的几点建议。     

航天飞机用LACE方案的发展及其参数分析

研究了应用于空天飞机的液体空气循环发动机。介绍了提高空气液化比的几种方法，如：液氢，液氧储箱循环，液氧喷洒，液态空气喷洒。以能量平衡为基础，计算了液体循环发动机的循环参数。结果表明综合采用以上方法可以使液化比提高约６５％。     

污染对氢-空气燃烧影响的化学动力学分析

本文作了H_2O、O、H、OH和NO对氢-空气燃烧影响的化学动力学计算.计算范围是:压力0.02～0.2MPa,初始温度:910～2000K,当量油气比为1.0.有限速率化学反应模型包括38个反应式和13种组分的H_2-O_2-N_2系统,模型反应了氢-空气化学反应的当前最新研究成果.计算结果表明,在某些温度范围内,H_2O、O、H、OH和NO对着火时间有很大影响.反应时间并不受初始成份中自由原子和基的影响,但是初始成份中含有H_2O,将缩短反应时间.本研究关系到污染对燃烧的影响以及对于超音速燃烧冲压发动机地面试验的影响.燃烧化学动力学显然是污染影响中的一个重要因素.     

基于DSP的数字舵机控制器设计

介绍了某型无人机的数字式舵机控制器的设计。由于原使用的模拟式舵机控制器的控制参数不易调整,且用于调整参数的电位器极易出现故障,设计了使用TMS320F2812作为CPU的数字式舵机控制器。本控制器使用DSP芯片对多路舵机实现了伺服控制,不但体积大大缩小,而且控制性能更加优良,并实现了系统的各主要控制参数的不拆机修改,增加了控制器的灵活性以及通用性。     

某机蹬舵反倾斜问题研究

本文通过理论分析和数字住仿真计算，讨论了某型飞机在有自动飞行控制系统工作时出现的蹬舵反倾斜问题，找出了问题存在的原因（飞控系统中交联信号侧向过载ｎ，在副翼通道中的正反馈是引起某机产生蹬舵反倾斜的主要原因），给出了蹬舵反倾斜对飞机品质的影响，提出了改进措施，在飞机试飞中得到了应用。     

真实气体效应对高超声速轨道器气动特性的影响

基于一个7组元6反应动力学模型，采用NND差分格式求解化学反应Navier-Stokes方程，数值研究高超声速轨道器的绕流特性。重点讨论了轨道器气动特性在真实气体效应作用下对不同来流状态和不同舵偏角的敏感性。研究表明：真实气体效应主要发生在物面附近很薄的激波层内，缩短了激波的脱体距离，使激波层变薄，流动变量的梯度变大；空气的离解和电离导致轨道器的阻力系数比完全气体计算值低，压心位置前移。小攻角下，升力系数和俯仰力矩系数的真实气体计算值高于完全气体计算值，大攻角情形则相反。此外，小攻角时真实气体效应产生小低头力矩，而大攻角时产生小抬头力矩。单就舵面而言，真实气体效应使其阻力系数增大，使其升力系数和俯仰力矩系数在小攻角且非负舵偏角时变小，在大攻角且负舵偏角时变大。特别地，真实气体效应仅在零攻角且零舵偏角时对舵面的压心位置产生较大影响。