On the early phase of relativistic solar particle events: Are there signatures of acceleration mechanism?

Many physical processes precede and accompany the solar energetic particles (SEP) occurrence on the Earth’s orbit. Explosive energy release on the Sun gives rise to a flare and a coronal mass ejection (CME). X-ray and gamma emissions are believed to be connected with flares. Radio emission is signature of disturbances traveling through the corona and interplanetary space. Particles can gain energy both in the flare and the accompanying wave processes. The beginning of the SEP events has the advantage of being the phase most close to the time of acceleration. Influence of interplanetary transport is minimal in the case of first arriving relativistic solar protons recorded by ground based neutron monitors in so called ground-level enhancements (GLE). The early phase of the SEP events attracts attention of many scientists searching for the understanding of particle acceleration. However, they come to the opposite conclusions. While some authors find arguments for coronal mass ejections as a sole accelerator of SEPs, others prove a flare to be the SEP origin. Here, the circumstances of SEP generation for several GLEs of the 23rd solar cycle are considered. Timing of X-ray, CME, and radio emissions shows a great variety from event to event. However, the time of particle ejection from the Sun is closer to maximum of X-ray emission than to any other phenomena considered. No correlation is found between the particle fluxes and the CME characteristics.     

高超声速飞行器起飞质量的解析估算

基于火箭助推的发射方式,推导出弹道式飞行器、高超声速助推-滑翔飞行器及高超声速助推-巡航飞行器的起飞质量与航程、燃料比冲和载荷之间的解析关系,为总体设计初期快速估算飞行器起飞质量提供了方法。基于此,比较了3种飞行器的起飞质量载荷比。结果表明,助推-巡航飞行器性能最优,助推-滑翔飞行器性能居中,弹道式飞行器的性能最差。     

测量液体推进剂剩余量的体积激励法

首先给出了以贮箱内气体为对象的一般热力学测量控制方程,完成气体及液体体积的计算; 以贮箱系统为研究对象,建立了系统处于等温、绝热及非等温条件下的热力学模型,考虑了气体与液体、贮箱壁的传热传质等因素,得出了比较理想的测量模型。其次,对影响测量的系统误差进行了分析,建立了各种影响因素的误差模型,并提出了相应的修正措施。然后,给出了在现有技术水平下测量的最大误差,结果表明测量误差在贮箱总体积的1%以内。最后,对激励频率、体积改变量大小及测量设备等相关应用技术问题进行了分析讨论与合理设计。体积激励法是一种可满足测量精度和耗能要求的良好方法。     

软隔板双脉冲发动机二级点火延迟试验分析

在进行软隔板双脉冲发动机的试验研究时发现,二级脉冲出现远远超过指标要求的点火延迟.为了改进这种状况,从点火药量和隔板厚度两方面进行试验研究.结果表明单纯增加点火药量使得隔板破裂太快,能量过早地释放;而单纯增加隔板厚度使得隔板不能按预定位置和方式破裂,影响工作性能.最终结合软隔板双脉冲发动机的工作特点,从两方面同时改进,达到了比较合理的点火延迟.     

空气节流对超燃发动机燃烧性能的影响

为优化隔离段及燃烧室内的流场结构,减小流动速度,提高流道压力,在凹槽稳焰器下游布置空气节流装置,向燃烧室内喷入高压空气,目的是在隔离段建立合适的激波串,以利于点火和火焰稳定.采用CFD方法,对比了无/有空气节流时的冷流流场、燃烧流场,结果表明:节流激波串扩大了低动量区域,激波引起的流动扭曲和较长的驻留时间使得分离流内的空气/燃料混合程度得到显著增强,混合效率由无节流时的40%提高到85%,燃烧效率由无节流时的10%提高到60%.对节流位置和节流量进行了参数化研究,以隔离段入口为坐标原点,分别考察了785,1000,1100mm三个流向节流位置,以及10%,15%,30%三种节流量的影响,结果表明:距离凹槽较近的节流位置对燃烧的影响更为显著,所需节流量更少.30%的节流量将使燃烧室背压急剧提高,引起流动壅塞.研究表明在785mm的流向节流位置采用15%的节流量可获得最好的燃烧性能.      

体积激励法测量液体推进剂量的地面模拟试验

针对大贮箱推进剂量测量精度不高问题,研究一种测量精度较高、重复性强的液体推进剂量测量方法。首先介绍体积激励法测量推进剂量的测量原理,重点分析地面模拟试验装置组成,包括体积激励装置、编码电机控制、数据采集及数据处理分系统。其次阐述试验方案,试验在常温常压下进行,采用不同激励频率改变体积。最后,以水作为模拟推进剂开展地面模拟试验,结果表明在不同填充水平下液体推进剂量测量误差都控制在贮箱总体积的1%以内,为未来高精度测量推进剂量飞行试验及空间应用提供可靠支持。     

充液容器流固耦合模态仿真分析研究

主要介绍目前容器类流固耦合模态分析最常用的两种计算方法:声固耦合法及虚拟质量法。从理论上分别对这两种方法进行分析,并指出它们之间的联系与区别:虚拟质量法采用了声固耦合法在不可压缩流体情况下的形式,并有所改进,即流体的作用完全由虚拟质量阵来体现,而流体的虚拟质量阵则通过具有解析解性质的边界元法获得。最后,通过开口方槽干状态、湿状态的无阻尼模态仿真分析研究,揭示出流体对结构模态特性影响的变化规律,同时指出了两种方法(虚拟质量法、声固耦合法)对结构湿模态计算结果有规律性的差异:随着振动频率的升高,不仅容器内流体对结构模态特性的影响在减小,分析湿模态的两种方法所得到的计算结果之间的差别也在逐渐减小。     

光学遥感运动补偿压缩成像

针对单像素相机的运动导致压缩成像品质下降问题,提出了运动补偿压缩成像方法。首先建立运动条件下压缩采样的精确模型,进而分析了逐帧重构与联合重构两种图像稀疏方法。同时探讨了所提方法对于更加复杂运动的适应性以及所提方法成像品质的分布特性。该方法利用成像系统的运动信息重新规整压缩采样,避免了由降低积分时间或者减少采样数导致的成像品质下降。数学仿真与半物理仿真表明,运动补偿压缩成像比未经补偿成像结果具有更好的成像品质。     

Large-scale waves in the solar corona: The continuing debate

Ten years after the first observation of large-scale wave-like coronal disturbances with the EIT instrument aboard SOHO, the most crucial questions concerning these “EIT waves” are still being debated controversially – what is their actual physical nature, and how are they launched? Possible explanations include MHD waves or shocks, launched by flares or driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), as well as models where coronal waves are not actually waves at all, but generated by successive “activation” of magnetic fieldlines in the framework of a CME. Here, we discuss recent observations that might help to discriminate between the different models. We focus on strong coronal wave events that do show chromospheric Moreton wave signatures. It is stressed that multiwavelength observations with high time cadence are particularly important, ideally when limb events with CME observations in the low corona are available. Such observations allow for a detailed comparison of the kinematics of the wave, the CME and the associated type II radio burst. For Moreton-associated coronal waves, we find strong evidence for the wave/shock scenario. Furthermore, we argue that EIT waves are actually generated by more than one physical process, which might explain some of the issues which have made the interpretation of these phenomena so controversial.     

On the relation of the Forbush decreases detected by ASEC monitors during the 23rd solar activity cycle with ICME parameters

To improve the physical understanding of the Forbush decreases (FD) and to explore the Space Weather drivers, we need to measure as much geospace parameter as possible, including the changing fluxes of secondary cosmic rays. At the Aragats Space Environmental Center (ASEC) are routinely measured the neutral and charged fluxes of secondary cosmic rays. Each of species has different most probable energy of primary “parent” proton/nuclei. Therefore, the energy range of the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) affected by Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection (ICME) can be effectively estimated using data of the ASEC monitors. We presented relations of the magnitude of FD observed in different secondary particle fluxes to the most probable energy of the primary protons. We investigate the correlations between the magnitude of FD with the size, speed, density and magnetic field of the ICME. We demonstrate that the attenuation of the GCR flux incident on the Earth’s atmosphere due to passing of the ICME is dependent on the speed and size of the ICME and the magnetic field strength.