基于正交试验的汽车稳态回转性能仿真

虚拟仿真技术与正交试验设计方法的结合可为汽车产品的开发提供新思路.对汽车稳态回转性能进行研究时,可在多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS(Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems)中建立汽车虚拟样机模型,利用正交试验设计方法对试验方案进行合理设计,按照设计好的试验方案在ADAMS中进行仿真,通过对试验数据进行必要的处理与分析可得最优试验方案和各试验因素的影响程度.经分析可知,对汽车稳态回转性能影响较大的4个因素按影响程度排序依次为质心前后位置、前后轮胎的侧偏刚度、质心高度、前螺旋弹簧刚度.      

Numerical simulation of broken pin effects on the flow field and cooling performance of a double-wall cooling configuration

In this paper, the flow characteristics of the double wall structure are presented and the effect of the broken pin size on the cooling performance and flow field of the double wall configuration is investigated. A periodic plate model with seven units is adopted, and there are an impingement hole and a film hole in each unit. Under five blowing ratios, six different sizes of the broken pin are compared, and the double wall configuration without broken pins is taken as the baseline. The results show that if the broken pins height is too small, the cooling effectiveness usually cannot be improved. With the presence of broken pins with a height of more than 0.4, the effectiveness is improved due to the enhancement of reattachment and recirculation of coolant. With the increase of the broken pin height, the cooling effectiveness increases. However, the increase of the diameter does not always improve the cooling performance, since the limiting effect of the wall jet. In this study, Case 6 with the largest broken pin always has the best cooling performance, but also the largest flow resistance. In Case 6 temperature is reduced by almost 15 K compared to the baseline, and more areas have relatively higher cooling effectiveness.     

吸附式压气机转子叶片气动优化设计

进行吸附式压气机转子叶片气动设计方法研究.提出通过迭代设计,应用三维流场计算结果提供S₂流面通流计算损失模型,提高了S₂流面流场计算精度;将最优化方法与数值模拟技术相结合,建立吸气与型面耦合的回转面二维叶型优化设计和三维叶片优化设计软件;应用所构建的设计软件,进行吸附式压气机转子设计,数值模拟结果表明:该转子在0.86的叶尖载荷下,设计点总压比为1.631、等熵效率为0.965,实现了高气动性能.      

U型进气管道对某离心压气机性能的影响

采用实验和数值模拟的方法研究了U型管道进气对某离心压气机性能的影响.实验结果显示,相比直管进气,U型管道进气在大流量工况下显著降低了压气机性能,压比、效率的下降量分别可达10%和18%以上.数值分析表明:U型管道进气时,其出口产生静压和总压畸变;压气机下游蜗壳因几何周向不均而存在相应的压力畸变,该畸变沿叶轮槽道向上游传播的过程中与进气畸变发生耦合.这种耦合作用改变了叶轮进口的流场结构,使叶轮槽道流量分布发生变化,叶轮对应畸变区域的熵值增加;同时还改变了叶片表面静压的分布形式,使整个叶轮主叶片的平均载荷增大约8%.      

浮升混合飞艇气动性能及总体参数分析

为了兼顾飞艇的气动性能和浮升特性,充分发挥二者的优势,并增强可控性,提出了一种基于NACA高升力翼型的组合嚢体式混合飞艇气动布局.采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立混合飞艇FLUENT计算模型,数值模拟了它在不同速度和迎角下的升阻特性、纵向静稳定性及浮升特性,并进行了总体性能评估,最后将其与常规飞艇进行了对比.结果表明:该组合嚢体飞艇布局具有较好的气动性能和效率,相同条件下提供的动升力为常规飞艇的3倍;当飞行速度大于26 m/s时,混合飞艇总升力效率开始大于常规飞艇,能够提供更好的浮升特性.此外,相同设计载荷下混合飞艇的外形尺寸更小,有利于增加有效载荷,可为低空大型混合飞艇的研发提供参考.      

量子点与TiO2电极参数对光阳极电子寿命及性能影响

通过对P25Ti O2光阳极薄膜厚度、敏化的量子点种类及量子点敏化方法研究,探讨了使用连续离子层吸附反应法的敏化方法(SILAR)时,P25Ti O2薄膜厚度与光阳极电子寿命的关系,以及量子点种类、共敏化工艺对光阳极光电性能的影响.采用电化学阻抗(EIS)、开路电压衰减(OCVD)及紫外-可见吸收方法,对影响光阳极光电性能的Ti O2薄膜厚度、量子点种类及共敏化工艺因素进行测试分析.实验结果表明:当光阳极薄膜厚度为12μm时,电子复合几率最小,光阳极的电子寿命相对最长;采用连续离子层吸附反应法(SILAR)对多种量子点共敏化的光阳极(Ti O2/Cd S/Cd Se/Zn S)与单一量子点敏化的光阳极(Ti O2/Cd S)相比,短路电流提高了34%,光转换效率提高了42%;合适的共敏化工艺也有助于提高光阳极的电子寿命、光谱吸收范围和吸收强度.     

可重复使用飞行器的保性能姿态跟踪控制方法

针对可重复使用飞行器再入姿态跟踪控制问题,在考虑执行器饱和、气动参数摄动和外部扰动的情况下,提出了一种保性能姿态跟踪控制方案。通过构造预设性能函数,使姿态跟踪误差在预先设置的包络内演化,保证了系统的瞬态和稳态性能;其次,借助于高增益扩张状态观测器解决了气动参数摄动和外部扰动的问题;之后,基于反步控制框架,设计了一种低复杂度的输出反馈扰动补偿控制方法,保证跟踪误差的收敛性。与已有方法相比,所设计的方法不包含一些复杂的非线性动力学近似技术,如神经网络等,降低了参数调节的复杂性,且无需对虚拟控制律重复微分,避免了"微分爆炸"问题。同时,Lyapunov稳定性分析表明,该方法能够保证误差变量的预期收敛以及其他闭环系统信号的有界性。最后,通过对比仿真验证了所提方法的有效性及可行性。     

Effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor

The effects of pressure oscillation on aerodynamic characteristics in an aero-engine combustor are investigated. A combustor test rig is designed to simulate the pressure drop characteristics of a practical annular combustor. The pressure drop characteristics are firstly measured under atmosphere condition with non-reacting flow (or cold flow), and the air mass flow proportion of each component (dome/liner) are obtained; these properties are base lines for comparison with combustion state. The combustion tests are then carried out under conditions of inlet temperature 340–450 K, fuel air ratio 0.010–0.028. The stability map and the oscillation frequencies are obtained in the tests, the results show that pressure oscillation amplitude increases with the increase of fuel air ratio. Phase trajectory reconstruction is applied to classify the pressure oscillation motion; there are three motions captured in the tests including: “disk”, “ring” and “cluster”. The pressure drops across the dome under strong pressure oscillation are distinctly divergent from the cold flow, and the changes of pressure drops are mainly affected by pressure oscillation amplitude, but is less influenced by pressure oscillation motion nor oscillation frequencies. Based on the mass flow conservation, the reduction of effective flow area of combustor under strong pressure oscillation is demonstrated. Liner wall temperatures are analyzed through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method to estimate the reduction of the air mass flow proportion of the liner cooling under strong pressure oscillation. Finally, the air mass flow proportions of each component under strong pressure oscillation are estimated, the results show that the pressure oscillation motion also has influence on air mass flow proportion.     

背壁5-II材料高温热物理性能及微结构特征

研究了背壁5-II材料的密度、失重率和孔隙率随温度的变化规律,测试了温度对比定压热容、热导率的影响,研究了不同温度下和发动机长时间热试车下5-II材料的微结构特征。结果表明,5-II材料密度随温度升高而降低,热解后密度降至1.28 g/cm3,开孔率在30%左右;比定压热容随温度升高而增大,热导率随温度缓慢降低;随温度升高,其微结构特征表现为孔隙的大量增加和贯通,密度和孔隙率可作为固体发动机背壁热解失效的主要参量。     

Prescribed fast tracking control for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles: An event-triggered case

In this paper, a prescribed fast tracking control scheme is proposed for Flexible Air-breathing Hypersonic Vehicles (FAHV) subject to lumped disturbances and limited resources. To maintain tracking errors of velocity and altitude converge to a predefined region with a prescribed time and release the transient intense fluctuations encountered in classical Prescribed Performance Control (PPC) using a fast decaying rate, a tracking differentiator-based PPC is presented, where the reaching time and the maximum time differentiation of preselected envelopes can be regulated as a prior via fixing an acceleration factor, so that a guaranteed fast convergence speed can be realized with reduced oscillations. Besides, to avoid the excessive occupation of limited resources (energy and communication) and guarantee a remarkable tracking accuracy, switching event-triggered mechanisms are constructed for FAHV control realization, which provide a promising way to pursue a desired level of tracking performance with a low energy consumption. Subsequently, Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimators (UDE) and Sigmoid function-based Tracking Differentiators (STD) are employed to provide disturbance estimation and reference derivation with a low computational complexity. Finally, robust control laws are designed to compensate for the sampling error induced by event-triggered conditions, meanwhile Zeno phenomena can be effectively eliminated. The simulation results and comparisons validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.