背壁5-II材料高温热物理性能及微结构特征

研究了背壁5-II材料的密度、失重率和孔隙率随温度的变化规律,测试了温度对比定压热容、热导率的影响,研究了不同温度下和发动机长时间热试车下5-II材料的微结构特征。结果表明,5-II材料密度随温度升高而降低,热解后密度降至1.28 g/cm3,开孔率在30%左右;比定压热容随温度升高而增大,热导率随温度缓慢降低;随温度升高,其微结构特征表现为孔隙的大量增加和贯通,密度和孔隙率可作为固体发动机背壁热解失效的主要参量。     

Prescribed fast tracking control for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles: An event-triggered case

In this paper, a prescribed fast tracking control scheme is proposed for Flexible Air-breathing Hypersonic Vehicles (FAHV) subject to lumped disturbances and limited resources. To maintain tracking errors of velocity and altitude converge to a predefined region with a prescribed time and release the transient intense fluctuations encountered in classical Prescribed Performance Control (PPC) using a fast decaying rate, a tracking differentiator-based PPC is presented, where the reaching time and the maximum time differentiation of preselected envelopes can be regulated as a prior via fixing an acceleration factor, so that a guaranteed fast convergence speed can be realized with reduced oscillations. Besides, to avoid the excessive occupation of limited resources (energy and communication) and guarantee a remarkable tracking accuracy, switching event-triggered mechanisms are constructed for FAHV control realization, which provide a promising way to pursue a desired level of tracking performance with a low energy consumption. Subsequently, Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimators (UDE) and Sigmoid function-based Tracking Differentiators (STD) are employed to provide disturbance estimation and reference derivation with a low computational complexity. Finally, robust control laws are designed to compensate for the sampling error induced by event-triggered conditions, meanwhile Zeno phenomena can be effectively eliminated. The simulation results and comparisons validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

火箭基组合循环发动机性能迭代算法研究

火箭基组合循环(简称RBCC)发动机性能分析模型的研究对于RBCC发动机结构的优化设计具有重要意义。本文结合RBCC发动机的结构特点和工作原理建立了RBCC发动机性能分析模型,并对RBCC发动机性能计算方法进行了研究。结合RBCC发动机引射模态和亚燃冲压模态的工作特点,通过迭代计算使进气道、混合段、燃烧室之间的参数耦合,实现了对RBCC发动机引射模态与亚燃冲压模态性能的快速分析。文章通过算例验证了算法的可行性,并通过与文献结果的对比验证了计算结果的可信度。     

基于预设性能的四旋翼无人机编队安全控制

针对四旋翼无人机编队系统存在模型不确定性、未知外部干扰与内部碰撞等问题,提出一种基于预设性能的安全控制方法。首先使用预设性能函数结合误差转换方法,将防止内部碰撞的不等式约束问题转换为无约束问题。同时针对模型中的不确定项,使用神经网络进行逼近;针对神经网络逼近误差与未知外部干扰组成的复合干扰,使用非线性干扰观测器进行估计,并分别设计位置与姿态子系统控制器,避免了编队内四旋翼无人机的碰撞。然后借助Lyapunov方法证明了闭环系统所有信号的收敛性。最后通过数值仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性。     

Aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics

Natural flyers have extraordinary flight skills and their prominent aerodynamic performance has attracted a lot of attention. However, the aerodynamic mechanism of birds' flapping wing kinematics still lacks in-depth understanding. In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics extracted from a free-flying owl wing has been numerically investigated. The overset mesh technique is used to deal with the large range movements of flapping airfoils. The bio-inspired kinematics consist of plunging and pitching movement. A pure sinusoidal motion and a defined motion composed of plunging of sinusoidal motion and pitching of the bio-inspired kinematics are selected for comparison. The other two NACA airfoils are also selected to figure out the advantages of the owl-like airfoil. It is found that the cambered owl-like airfoil can enhance lift during the downstroke. The bio-inspired kinematics have an obvious advantage in lift generation with a presence of higher peak lift and positive lift over a wider proportion of the flapping cycle. Meanwhile, the bio-inspired motion is more economical for a lower power consumption compared with the sinusoidal motion. The sinusoidal flapping motion is better for thrust generation for a higher peak thrust value in both upstroke and downstroke, while the bio-inspired kinematics mainly generate thrust during the downstroke but produce more drag during the upstroke. The defined motion has similar lift performance with the bio-inspired kinematics, while it consumes more energy and generates less thrust. The unsteady flow field around airfoils is also analyzed to explain the corresponding phenomenon. The research in this paper is helpful to understand the flight mechanism of birds and to design a micro air vehicle with higher performance.     

基于试飞的直升机悬停状态地面效应

提出了一种基于试飞的直升机悬停状态地面效应研究方法,该方法在建立无量纲形式的直升机悬停需用功率模型的基础上,通过飞行试验实测直升机在不同重量和不同离地高度悬停时的发动机扭矩、大气条件等参数,利用参数辨识的方法确定无量纲形式直升机悬停需用功率模型中的相关空气动力参数及地面效应模型.采用本文所述方法可以方便地进行直升机有、无地效时的悬停性能拓展.     

基于Gauss伪谱法的临近空间飞行器上升段轨迹优化

综合考虑密度变化、声速变化、发动机推力变化及地球引力等因素对飞行轨迹的影响,研究了与实际飞行环境更加相符的临近空间飞行器燃料最优爬升轨迹。针对该问题在气动数据处理和优化求解上存在的困难,提出一种基于Gauss伪谱法(Gauss Pseudospectral Method,GPM)的求解策略。首先,依据气动数据特点,设计拟合模型对气动参数进行高精度拟合;其次,为避免间接法和传统直接法的缺点,将Gauss伪谱法和序贯二次规划(Sequential Quadratic Programming,SQP)相结合,对存在边值及加速度约束的轨迹优化问题进行求解,获得最优飞行轨迹。仿真结果表明,在更为真实的飞行环境下,利用GPM和SQP相结合的方法可在5.83s获得一条精度为10-4～10-6左右的飞行轨迹。     

高超声速再入钝头体表面热流计算

采用边界层外缘无黏流场数值求解三维可压缩定常Euler方程,将所得物面压力分布作为边界层外缘条件,用于边界层内跟踪流线的轴对称比拟工程算法,计算高超声速有攻角再入钝头体的表面热流。某钝双锥算例结果表明:算得的表面热流与实验数据吻合很好。该方法较纯工程算法提高了精度,较数值求解整个流场Navi-er-Stokes方程节省计算时间,对准确计算全轨道飞行复杂形状高超声速飞行器表面的热流分布有一定价值,适宜高超声速飞行器方案设计阶段气动热环境预测的需要。     

基于参数自整定模糊PID控制的大型液压源温控系统设计

根据液压源温度控制系统的非线性、时变的大滞后特性,采用参数自整定模糊比例积分微分(PID)控制算法,通过模糊推理在线调整PID的3个参数,给出了PID参数在线整定原则和模糊控制器设计。仿真结果表明:用该法设计的控制器较传统PID控制器有更好的动态性能和鲁棒性。不同工况的实验验证其液压源油温控制精度达到文献[1]的B级要求(±2℃)。     

三轮升压式高压除水系统焓参数法性能计算

针对传统空气循环制冷系统热力参数匹配计算方法复杂的缺点,引入焓参数法建立了三轮升压式高压除水制冷系统匹配计算模型,简化了系统状态点中湿工况点的计算过程.并用所建模型进行了匹配计算,得到了系统各状态点的热力参数,计算结果表明采用焓参数法进行匹配计算,简化了计算过程.通过对系统性能分析表明系统存在最佳水当量比;三轮功率比参数增加,压气机增压比和涡轮膨胀比下降.