箭体上的凸起物对火箭气动特性的影响

综合大量实验研究结果,本文给出了火箭箭体上的环形凸起物和纵向凸起物对火箭气动特性的影响。其中最主要的是改变滚转力矩的大小和方向。而这正是姿态控制系统设计的重要依据之一。因此,给出凸起物的设计原则,对火箭气动设计有实际意义。     

一种深空粒子采样返回探测器构型设想

以太阳风粒子、深空尘埃等为目标的采样返回探测任务是空间科学与深空探测研究的热点方向之一。对“星尘号”“起源号”两个典型采样返回探测器的构型进行了分析,并梳理了其主要构型特点。结合我国月地高速再入返回飞行器的构型特点,提出了一种深空粒子采样返回探测器构型的设想：总体构型由长方形主体和流线型返回器组成,主体构型适应于承载返回器和其他装器设备,返回器构型适应于样品收集和再入返回气动外形。设计方案采用了充气式采样器进行粒子收集,具有体积小、重量轻、折叠效率高、展开可靠、工程实施简单等特点,并采用了可重复收拢展开的太阳翼,能够适应收集不同类型深空粒子的需求。     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

Application of a PCA-DBN-based surrogate model to robust aerodynamic design optimization

An efficient method employing a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-Deep Belief Network (DBN)-based surrogate model is developed for robust aerodynamic design optimization in this study. In order to reduce the number of design variables for aerodynamic optimizations, the PCA technique is implemented to the geometric parameters obtained by parameterization method. For the purpose of predicting aerodynamic parameters, the DBN model is established with the reduced design variables as input and the aerodynamic parameters as output, and it is trained using the k-step contrastive divergence algorithm. The established PCA-DBN-based surrogate model is validated through predicting lift-to-drag ratios of a set of airfoils, and the results indicate that the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model is reliable and obtains more accurate predictions than three other surrogate models. Then the efficient optimization method is established by embedding the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model into an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) framework, and applied to the robust aerodynamic design optimizations of Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) airfoil and transonic wing. The optimization results indicate that the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model works very well as a prediction model in the robust optimization processes of both NLF airfoil and transonic wing. By employing the PCA-DBN-based surrogate model, the developed efficient method improves the optimization efficiency obviously.     

超声速低声爆布局分层优化方法

声爆抑制是发展新一代超声速民机必须突破的关键技术。总体布局参数的合理设计可以使飞行器具有良好的声爆特性。为了提高全局进化算法在布局设计中的优化效率,提出一种基于数据挖掘的分层优化方法,利用数据挖掘中的决策树算法提取设计知识,获得设计变量分层信息,指导低声爆布局分层优化;针对某超声速低声爆飞行器,选取后掠角、上反角、展弦比、梢根比、长细比五个总体布局参数作为设计变量,开展分层优化数值实验,并与一体化优化形成对比验证。结果表明：分层优化方法能够搜索到与一体化优化高度吻合的最优解,分层优化的收敛速度显著高于一体化优化,且对随机寻优历程的表现更稳健。     

遗传算法在机翼气动优化设计中的应用

把最优化方法与机翼的气动力求解相结合,进行跨音速机翼的气动优化设计。采用最优化方法为遗传算法,机翼的气动力由三维欧拉方程的数值解来提供。与基准机翼相比较,优化设计的机翼其气动性能有较大幅度的提高,表明遗传算法在机翼优化设计中的可行性和有效性     

分析计算航天飞机气动系数的边界元局部方法

空间运载工具设计阶段为分析比较不同外形高超音速各流动领域的性能,广泛应用局部方法。在其原始形式下,形状函数计算繁复,并限于简单几何外形组成的轴对称体。用边界元局部方法进行形状函数计算,可免去原局部方法面积分的繁复和藉助表格的局限。对STS-1轨道飞行器外形进行计算得到丁形状函数,并根据实验数据确定领域系数。由此计算出飞行器的法向力、轴向力和俯仰力矩系数,计算结果与实验数据相符。     

人工神经网络在飞机总体外形智能CAD中的应用

将人工神经网络应用于飞机总体外形智能ＣＡＤ中,针对现有方法的局限性,研究了参数神经网络,提出了一种综合考虑影响神经网络学习３个主要因素（权值、激励函数和拓扑结构）的ＷＡＦＳ学习算法,并研究了隶属函数的神经网络表达和基于神经网络的并行推理,给出了有关应用实例。     

大展弦比飞翼布局飞机新型操纵面设计

大展弦比飞翼布局飞机取消常规布局的安定面和操纵面,本体的 动态特性出现许多不足.介绍了在该新布局飞机上采用的升降副翼和开裂式方向舵等 新型操纵面的气动特点,并在计算空气动力学的基础上分析了其三轴控制效率.引进舵容量 的概念提出了操纵面的参数化设计方法,基于飞机的可控性对各新型操纵面的操纵效率需求 进行了评估,最终对某型飞机的操纵面初步设计进行了修正.研究结果为飞翼布局飞机的操 纵面设计提供了一套实用的方法.      

飞机构型控制技术初探

为了对现代飞机制造业中存在的复杂飞机构型进行有效地管理,解决产品数据管理中所遇到的构型控制难题,分析了现代飞机制造的特点以及对当今飞机制造业提出的问题,强调了构型控制技术的重要性.在明确了构型控制技术一些主要相关概念的基础上,借鉴波音公司实施构型控制技术的经验,针对中国飞机制造业的现状和未来发展,指出了飞机构型控制技术的4个关键内容,阐明了为实现飞机构型控制技术目前应开展的工作.