航空维修人为差错理论分类和对比研究

通过对航空维修人为差错理论的梳理和比较，将航空界已形成的主要人为差错理论分成三类：个人学派、组织学派和系统学派．并对各理论的研究视角、特点、优点和局限性进行了归纳和对比。     

Application of improved active disturbance rejection control algorithm in tilt quad rotor

The Tilt Quad Rotor (TQR) has complex dynamics characteristics, especially in conversion mode. It is difficult to build the dynamic model of the TQR and the environmental factors have a great influence on it. To solve the problem of control in conversion mode of TQR, this paper carries out the design of the controller based on improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). According to the characteristics of flight in conversion mode, Tracking Differentiator (TD) with explicit model is used to solve the problem of multiple integrals when the system is high-order system. Extended State Observer (ESO) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is used to estimate and compensate for internal and external uncertainties, and the adaptive sliding mode control in Nonlinear State Error Feedback (NLSEF) is used to improve the response speed of the controller and reduce the parameters which should be tuned. Through the flight control simulation of the TQR, the validity and rationality of the control system are verified.     

Adaptive suppression of passive intermodulation in digital satellite transceivers

For the performance issues of satellite transceivers suffering passive intermodulation interference,a novel and effective digital suppression algorithm is presented in this paper.In con trast to analog approaches,digital passive intermodulation (PIM) suppression approaches can be easily reconfigured and therefore are highly attractive for future satellite communication systems.A simplified model of nonlinear distortion from passive microwave devices is established in consid eration of the memory effect.The multiple high-order PIM products falling into the receiving band can be described as a bilinear predictor function.A suppression algorithm based on a bilinear poly nomial decorrelated adaptive filter is proposed for baseband digital signal processing.In consideration of the time-varying characteristics of passive intermodulation,this algorithm can achieve the rapidness of online interference estimation and low complexity with less consumption of resources.Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively compensate the passive intermodulation interference,and achieve a high signal-to-interference ratio gain.     

Hierarchical space–time block codes signals classification using higher order cumulants

An efficient method for blind classification of space–time block codes(STBCs) based on fourth-order cumulants is proposed for a single receiver antenna.This paper presents a model of received STBCs signals in multiple input single output(MISO) communication systems and applies the characteristics of coding matrices to derive analytical expressions for the fourth-order cumulants to be used as the basis of an algorithm.The fourth-order cumulants at various delay vectors present non-null values that depend on the transmitted STBCs.Tests of nullity are accomplished by hypothesis testing.The proposed algorithm avoids the need for a priori information of modulation scheme,channel coefficients,and noise power.Consequently,it is well suited for non-cooperative scenarios.Simulations show that this method performs well even at low signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs).     

基于自适应网格的超声速液体射流破碎过程研究

为研究超声速气流中液体横向射流的破碎过程,采用脉冲背景光方法和VOF方法开展了实验和数值研究。为提高液体横向射流中气液界面和气流场特征捕捉的精确性,采用自适应网格技术对于气液界面、激波出现位置进行网格细化,计算得到了较为精细的气液界面、激波特征及涡系结构。研究结果表明:在低成本仿真模拟条件下,利用自适应网格计算得到的射流轨迹和轮廓与实验吻合较好,射流轨迹的最大误差为10%;射流初始段在超声速气流条件下,仍然存在一段高度约为1.9倍喷孔直径且圆柱形态保持较好的连续光滑液柱。随着喷注压降的升高,液柱的长度逐渐增大;主流气体流经液柱发生三维绕流,在射流附近和近壁面区域形成不断演化的反转涡对,反转涡对的形成加速了液体射流一次破碎过程。     

基于DSP的自适应桁架振动控制器设计

重量轻、功耗低、处理能力强的控制器对自适应桁架的空间应用具有重要意义。本文以自适应桁架空间应用为背景,进行了控制器的小型化设计。以DSP芯片TMS320VC33为核心,实现了自适应桁架振动控制器硬件,并开发了相应的控制程序。采用4阶线性二次型高斯(LQG)离散控制模型,在自适应桁架实验平台上进行了振动抑制实验。实验表明,以DSP为核心的小型化控制器能够实现对自适应桁架振动的有效抑制,达到了与dSPACE控制器相同的控制效果。     

带攻角约束的高超声速飞行器自适应反步控制器设计

针对带攻角(AOA)约束的高超声速飞行器控制问题,提出一种基于非对称时变障碍函数的非线性自适应反步控制方法。首先,将飞行器模型化为严反馈形式,以反步法为基础进行控制器设计。然后通过光滑饱和函数对名义攻角指令信号进行限幅,并保证限幅信号的可导性,限幅产生的误差通过设计辅助系统进行补偿。进而使用障碍函数对攻角指令跟踪误差进行非对称时变约束。针对不确定性和干扰,设计新型自适应律对集中干扰上界进行估计并补偿。最终通过Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统状态量一致最终有界并且攻角始终满足时变约束。仿真结果表明,本文方法能够在满足攻角约束基础上保证良好跟踪性能。     

嫦娥四号动力下降段图像可视化传输方案

针对嫦娥四号降落相机在动力下降段的图像可视化传输需求和深空通信下行数传信道带宽受限的矛盾,文章提出了一种动力下降段速率自适应的可视化图像传输方案,对如何保证降落相机图像下传的实时性、完整性、速率自适应性等关键问题进行了讨论,并对方案中涉及的抽帧回放算法、帧格式识别方法、合路调度算法等关键技术进行了详细说明。同时,文中给出了该方案在嫦娥四号在轨的验证情况,结果表明,在数传通信速率受限的情况下该方案实现了降落相机图像的存储管理和可视化下传,具有实时性高、速率自适应、图像下传完整等特点,可以为其他航天器数据管理系统设计提供参考。     

航天器姿态大角度机动有限时间控制

针对航天器姿态大角度机动控制问题,在存在外部扰动的情况下,基于航天器姿态跟踪系统的标准级联特性,利用反步法和自适应控制设计有限时间控制器。提出的控制方法可以严格保证姿态大角度机动系统是全局有限时间稳定的。李雅普诺夫理论推导和仿真结果表明,系统在控制器的作用下可以快速机动到平衡点并保持稳定,全物理仿真试验进一步表明了所提出的控制方法的有效性和优越性。     

利用增量相位和星光仰角增强XNAV

针对X射线脉冲星导航系统(XNAV)中过程噪声统计特性难以准确获取,对其不当假设导致滤波器估计性能不佳的问题,提出基于自适应差分卡尔曼滤波器(ADDF)的多信息融合算法。为了降低导航误差,在传统脉冲星计时观测的基础上,增加恒星星光仰角及两个时刻间的相位增量观测量,共同增强XNAV。首先,分别建立计时观测模型、相位增量模型及星光仰角模型;然后将多信息测量模型集成到卫星轨道动力学方程中,以建立ADDF滤波模型;最后对所提方法进行仿真验证。实验结果表明,在相同的初始状态和初始噪声误差条件下,与传统X射线脉冲星导航算法相比,多信息融合算法能将导航位置估计精度提高70%以上,位置估计误差降低到 200 m 左右,速度估计精度提高40%以上,且ADDF性能优于无迹卡尔曼滤波器。