Conceptualizing an economically,legally, and politically viable active debris removal option

It has become increasingly clear in recent years that the issue of space debris, particularly in low-Earth orbit, can no longer be ignored or simply mitigated. Orbital debris currently threatens safe space flight for both satellites and humans aboard the International Space Station. Additionally, orbital debris might impact Earth upon re-entry, endangering human lives and damaging the environment with toxic materials. In summary, orbital debris seriously jeopardizes the future not only of human presence in space, but also of human safety on Earth. While international efforts to mitigate the current situation and limit the creation of new debris are useful, recent studies predicting debris evolution have indicated that these will not be enough to ensure humanity?s access to and use of the near-Earth environment in the long-term. Rather, active debris removal (ADR) must be pursued if we are to continue benefiting from and conducting space activities. While the concept of ADR is not new, it has not yet been implemented. This is not just because of the technical feasibility of such a scheme, but also because of the host of economic, legal/regulatory, and political issues associated with debris remediation. The costs of ADR are not insignificant and, in today?s restrictive fiscal climate, are unlikely/to be covered by any single actor. Similarly, ADR concepts bring up many unresolved questions about liability, the protection of proprietary information, safety, and standards. In addition, because of the dual use nature of ADR technologies, any venture will necessarily require political considerations. Despite the many unanswered questions surrounding ADR, it is an endeavor worth pursuing if we are to continue relying on space activities for a variety of critical daily needs and services. Moreover, we cannot ignore the environmental implications that an unsustainable use of space will imply for life on Earth in the long run. This paper aims to explore some of these challenges and propose an economically, politically, and legally viable ADR option. Much like waste management on Earth, cleaning up space junk will likely lie somewhere between a public good and a private sector service. An international, cooperative, public-private partnership concept can address many of these issues and be economically sustainable, while also driving the creation of a proper set of regulations, standards and best practices.     

一种自信学习自动机

提出一种二次不动—惩罚变结构随机自动机模型（Q(IP)）。较之于其线性形式（L(IP)），新模型的学习带有一定的自信（当然，有时也可能是自负）。特别，跟传统自动机不同的是，新算法的极限行为同时兼具吸收壁和遍历性。     

A multi-wavelength study of the merger candidate Abell S0721 and the activities of its member galaxies

We present a multi-wavelength study of the merging history and its influence on galaxy activities of a newly detected merger candidate – Abell S0721. This cluster was only known as a poor cluster in the Shapley Supercluster, but when several survey data of different wavelengths are combined, evidence of strong merging is revealed. We have analyzed the optical and X-ray structures of the cluster, as well as galaxy dynamics and properties of the radio galaxies in the cluster. The dynamics analysis shows the velocity distribution of this system is significantly deviated from a 1-Gaussian model, indicating the existence of 2–3 dynamically different sub-systems; in addition, both optical and X-ray structures of the cluster show an elongated and multi-clump structure, two X-ray clumps imaged by ROSAT All Sky Survey are well correlated with two galaxy density peaks. This cluster is possibly a merger of several groups; our analysis shows that the projection angle for two clumps in the main structure is possibly near the projection plane, and the substructure is seen at ∼30–75° from the projection plane. The merging process could also be the origin to boost the activities of its member galaxies. Finally, as compared with other merger candidates in the Shapley Supercluster, the radio galaxies identified in Abell S0721 are all optically luminous, and the fraction of luminous radio galaxies is only lower than one merger candidate (which is proposed to be at the very beginning of a merger event), this suggests Abell S0721 is also at the beginning of a merger event.     

自调节模拟低通滤波器的研究

通过对有源低通滤波器，频率／电压转换器AD650及其变容二极管的特性分析，提出由信号频率来自调节有源低通滤波器截止频率的新设计方案，并对其可行性进行了分析和研究。     

相控阵天线有源单元方向图的计算方法

基于弗洛奎定理给出了一种计算无限相控阵有源单元方向图的方法。与传统的基于有源反射系数的方法不同,这种方法不但可以用于计算功率方向图,而且可以计算场方向图,因此可以计算诸如交叉极化、相位信息等更多的辐射特性。通过数值计算结果与仿真结果的比较验证了方法的正确性。     

基于贝叶斯网的业务端编程方法

针对现有的业务端编程方法缺乏对于没有软件开发背景的最终用户的指导机制,提出了一种基于贝叶斯网的业务端编程方法.首先提出了一种基于贝叶斯网的最终用户编程基本框架,然后基于贝叶斯网结构学习方法和过程日志建立了用来支撑业务端编程的领域专家系统,在此基础上提出了以领域专家系统为核心的启发式业务端编程方法.该方法在编程过程中依赖领域专家系统对最终用户推荐业务活动,提供实时指导,帮助最终用户逐步完成应用系统的构造.最后对该方法的有效性进行了定性的评估和分析,结果表明,基于贝叶斯网的业务端编程方法可以在一定程度上提高最终用户编程的效率.     

非英语专业新生大学英语学习策略初探

本文以国内外第二语言学习策略相关理论为基础,对非英语专业新生英语学习策略的使用情况进行了问卷调查,通过实证性研究分析,摸清了非英语专业新生的英语学习策略总体使用情况,以及学习策略的使用与性别的关系,并就如何培养非英语专业新生大学英语学习策略进行了初步探讨。     

重力梯度小卫星重力场捕获的Lyapunov法

探讨了重力梯度小卫星采用主动磁控技术进行重力场捕获的Ｌｙａ－ｐｕｎｏｖ能量耗散法;给出了分区控制的条件及逻辑;阐述了磁控力矩的产生方法。仿真结果表明,该方法简单、有效,控制精度达到磁控小卫星的较高水平。     

影响我国高校开展武术活动的主要因素

通过文献资料对我国高校开展武术活动的影响因素进行了探讨分析。研究发现大学生武术人口;学生认识水平;师资状况;经济和环境等因素对高校开展武术活动有一定的影响。提出了应从大学生认识观念、教师的引导作用、师资队伍建设、改进教学方法、实现"以人为本"的武术教学目标等方面入手进行强化建设。     

浅谈在编译原理教学中促进学生的学习迁移

学习迁移规律是指导教育和学习的一种实用理论,根据对迁移的不同类型及其特点和影响学习迁移的各种要素的分析,结合编译原理课程的特点,按照促进学习迁移的教学原则,在编译原理教学中促进积极学习迁移,有助于培养学生的创新思维和解决问题的能力,有利于培养学生的良好学习品德.