运载火箭主动段自适应增广控制

针对运载火箭上升段在复杂飞行环境、大不确定性干扰和振动等因素的影响下,传统PID控制方法难以满足高品质控制需求的问题,进行了自适应增广控制(AAC)方法研究,以实现对运载火箭姿态的精确控制。在深入分析自适应增广控制系统整体构架的基础上,通过标称PID控制器设计与基于粒子群优化(PSO)的数字滤波器设计实现了刚体控制及对弹性振动的抑制;继而针对大范围干扰、不确定性和由于滤波器切换产生的弹性振动影响,设计了在线调整算法自适应调节PID控制增益,并对其工作机理与参数设计原则进行研究;然后设计干扰补偿回路和主动减载回路以减小内外扰动、弹性振动和风载荷影响;最后在弹性振动、风干扰和参数不确定性等因素同时作用的状态下进行仿真分析,验证了自适应增广控制系统能够有效应对运载火箭主动段复杂飞行环境的影响,大幅度提升综合控制性能,具有理论研究意义与工程应用价值。     

Stewart平台动力学建模及鲁棒主动隔振控制

未来复杂航天器低频模态密集,其敏感载荷要求很高的指向精度和稳定度,只对航天器本体姿态控制很难满足要求.本文采用Stewart超静平台对敏感载荷进行6自由度主动隔振,建立了非线性动力学模型,并根据线性模型设计了多变量鲁棒控制器,采用DK迭代算法求解.频域分析可得Stewart平台对3～800Hz的扰动主动隔振大于25dB,仿真证明Stewart平台对10Hz谐波扰动隔振性能优于40dB,对白噪声随机扰动隔振性能优于30dB,有效抑制了微小扰动,起到了6自由度超静隔振平台作用.     

低副瓣有源相控阵天线测试方法研究

利用平面近场测试系统的口面场全息反演功能,摸索出一种低副瓣有源相控阵天线的优化测试方法。实测天线副瓣电平低于-30dB,达到设计指标要求,证明了方法的有效性和适用性,为更快更好完成有源相控阵天线的研制提供了技术手段。     

绳系太阳能发电卫星姿态机动的主动振动控制

针对绳系太阳能发电卫星大角度回转机动时太阳能板的振动抑制问题,提出了主姿态控制和基于绳中张力的主动振动控制技术相结合的复合控制方法。建立了绳系太阳能发电卫星系统的动力学方程,并基于任务函数控制算法设计了主控制器保证卫星姿态的渐近稳定和挠性结构振动的衰减性;考虑到绳的非线性特性,基于任务函数控制算法设计了绳系卫星系统的主动振动抑制辅助控制器来抑制挠性结构的振动。设计的同时证明了系统的稳定性。将该方法应用于绳系卫星的大角度单轴回转机动的仿真研究,结果表明:该方法不仅能够使绳系卫星完成姿态机动,而且能够有效地抑制太阳能板的振动。     

先进的热防护方法及在飞行器的应用前景初探

随着航天技术的发展,飞行器的热环境面临着新的变化,对热防护提出了挑战。对各类主动热防护方式的原理、研究进展和应用现状进行了归纳总结。结合飞行器未来发展,提出了适应于未来应用的基于相变工质的对流冷却、自适应膜相变冷却和发汗冷却的系统性主动热防护方式。并以此为基础,提出了结合被动、半被动和主动热防护的飞行器全时域综合热管理思路。     

直接力与气动力复合控制系统姿态稳定问题研究

大气层内直接力与气动力复合控制导弹具有响应快速、可用过载大等优点，可以拦截高速、高机动性目标。研究制导末端轨控直接力与气动力复合系统姿态稳定问题。首先分析了复合系统的特点和控制问题，建立了控制模型。然后应用扩张状态观测器观测对象模型内扰和外扰的实时作用量，进行反馈补偿，实现了动态线性化。最后设计了非平滑反馈控制律，从而实现了复合系统的姿态控制设计。仿真结果表明，系统具有良好的动态性能和稳态性能，控制器具有很强的鲁棒性。     

月球探测技术--探测初期测控通信系统

介绍了国外月球探测测控通信系统的发展和现状。在分析我国现有统一S波段(USB)测控通信网和天文甚长基线干涉仪(VLBI)对探测器测控通信支持能力的基础上,提出了利用现有条件实现测控通信的解决方案。比较和分析表明,采用有源天馈网络的实现简单且技术成熟可靠,是一个较优的方案。     

一种有源高带外抑制导航天线设计

设计了一种有源高带外抑制导航天线,能够有效抑制弹上数据链天线的高功率干扰,适应弹上复杂电磁环境。     

Active debris removal of multiple priority targets

Today’s space debris environment shows major concentrations of objects within distinct orbital regions for nearly all size regimes. The most critical region is found at orbital altitudes near 800 km with high declinations. Within this region many satellites are operated in so called sun-synchronous orbits (SSO). Among those, there are Earth observation, communication and weather satellites. Due to the orbital geometry in SSO, head-on encounters with relative velocities of about 15 km/s are most probable and would thus result in highly energetic collisions, which are often referred to as catastrophic collisions, leading to the complete fragmentation of the participating objects. So called feedback collisions can then be triggered by the newly generated fragments, thus leading to a further population increase in the affected orbital region. This effect is known as the Kessler syndrome.     

Toward understanding the active SETI debate: Insights from risk communication and perception

Insights from the robust field of risk communication and perception have to date been almost totally absent from the policy debate regarding the relative risks and merits of Active SETI or Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI). For many years, the practice (or proposed practice) of Active SETI has generated a vigorous and sometimes heated policy debate within the scientific community. There have also been some negative reactions in the media toward the activities of those engaged in Active SETI. Risk communication is a scientific approach to communication regarding situations involving potentially sensitive or controversial situations in which there may be high public concern and low public trust. The discipline has found wide acceptance and utility in fields such as public health, industrial regulation and environmental protection. Insights from the scientific field of risk communication (such as omission bias, loss aversion, the availability heuristic, probability neglect, and the general human preference for voluntary over involuntary risks) may help those who have participated in either side of the debate over Active SETI to better understand why the debate has taken on this posture. Principles of risk communication and risk perception may also help those engaged in Active SETI to communicate more effectively with other scientists, the public, with the media, and with policy makers regarding their activities and to better understand and respond to concerns expressed regarding the activity.