New results and questions of lunar exploration from SELENE,Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO/LCROSS

The moon has longstanding questions such as lunar environments, origin, formation and evolution, magnetization of crustal rocks, internal structure and possible life. The recent lunar missions, e.g., SELenological and ENgineering Explorer “KAGUYA” (SELENE), Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1, and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LRO/LCROSS), have provided new opportunities to explore and understand these issues. In this paper, we reviewed and presented the results and findings in the fields of lunar gravity, magnetic field, atmosphere, surface geomorphology and compositional variations, volcano, craters, internal structure, water and life science from new lunar exploration missions. In addition, the new objectives and scientific questions on lunar explorations in near future are presented and discussed.     

Geostationary orbit determination using SATRE

A new strategy of precise orbit determination (POD) for GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellite using SATRE (SAtellite Time and Ranging Equipment) is presented. Two observation modes are proposed and different channels of the same instruments are used to construct different observation modes, one mode receiving time signals from their own station and the other mode receiving time signals from each other for two stations called pairs of combined observations. Using data from such a tracking network in China, the results for both modes are compared. The precise orbit determination for the Sino-1 satellite using the data from 6 June 2005 to 13 June 2005 has been carried out in this work. The RMS (Root-Mean-Square) of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the former mode is better than 9.1 cm. The RMS of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the latter mode is better than 4.8 cm, much better than the former mode. Orbital overlapping (3-day orbit solution with 1-day orbit overlap) tests show that the RMS of the orbit difference for the former mode is 0.16 m in the radial direction, 0.53 m in the along-track direction, 0.97 m in the cross-track direction and 1.12 m in the 3-dimension position and the RMS of the orbit difference for the latter mode is 0.36 m in the radial direction, 0.89 m in the along-track direction, 1.18 m in the cross-track direction and 1.52 m in the 3-dimension position, almost the same as the former mode. All the experiments indicate that a meter-level accuracy of orbit determination for geostationary satellite is achievable.     

粘弹性材料非局域声阻抗模型及参数优化

针对敷设粘弹性材料的刚体声散射问题提出了一种利用等效非局域阻抗基本代数模型计算表面声阻抗矩阵的方法.并以敷设粘弹性材料的球体为例,采用全局收敛移动近似算法(GCMMA, Globally Convergent Method of Moving Asymptotes)对非局域声阻抗代数模型的参数进行了优化,使其声散射计算结果与使用有限元得到的结果一致.研究表明:等效非局域阻抗基本代数模型可以应用于表面敷设粘弹性材料球体声散射的数值计算,为研究潜艇等复杂水下目标的声散射提供了有效的途径.     

磁静日期间中国大陆地区外源弱磁场研究

利用第四代地磁场综合模型CM4, 研究了中国大陆地区1960-2000年磁静日期间地磁外源弱磁场的变化情况, 计算并分析了外源场中的电离层感应场、环形场以及磁层感应场的分布和变化. 结果显示, 北向分量X的磁层感应场强度总体呈先增加后减少的趋势, 共减少了约7.3nT; 东向分量Y的磁层感应场强度呈先减少后增加的趋势, 共增加了约0.8nT; 垂直分量Z的磁层感应场强度呈先增加后减少的趋势, 共增加了约5.5nT. 三个分量的电离层感应场以及环形场变化幅度很小, 其分布在1960-1970和1970-1980年, 1980-1990 和1990-2000年呈现正负互相变换的现象, 认为该现象可能与太阳11年活动周期有关. 最后对弱磁场随时间变化的结果进行了分析说明.      

Influence of the 27-day solar flux variations on the ionosphere parameters measured at Irkutsk in 2003–2005

We present an investigation of the influence of the 27-day solar flux variations, caused by solar rotation, on the ionosphere parameters such as the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and the total electron content (TEC). Our observational data were obtained with the Irkutsk Digisonde (DPS-4) located at 52.3 North and 104.3 East during the period from 2003 to 2005. In addition, we use TEC data from the Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) based on Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The solar radiation flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm (F10.7 index) is used as an index characterizing the solar activity level. A good correlation between observed ionosphere parameters and solar activity variations is found especially in autumn-to-winter season. We estimate the impact of the 27-day solar flux variations on the day-to-day variability and determine the time delay of the ionosphere response.     

用于无人驾驶直升机的中继转发系统设计

无人机是当今世界先进技术的热门载体,针对无人驾驶直升机的特点提出了应用于无人直升机上的中继转发系统的方案,论述了该系统的设计方案、总体结构、工作过程以及实现时遇到的技术难点、解决方案.所描述的中继转发系统与通常意义的中继转发系统最大区别在于所转发的频带宽,达百兆赫兹;该系统具备对远距离信号的转发能力,动态范围达100dB;该系统具备对弱信号检测能力,灵敏度可达-100dBm;采用了多通道窄带传输抗干扰技术,提高了系统的抗干扰性能.该系统搭载在无人驾驶直升机上进行了大量实际飞行试验,试验数据表明,该中继转发系统具有频带宽、灵敏度高与抗干扰能力强的优点,满足项目需求指标.     

圆柱绕流尾迹中涡的特征分析

在低雷诺数圆柱绕流中,卡门涡街中涡的形状随着其向下游的发展是不断变化的,而且它也不是理想轴对称的.针对该问题,利用有限元法进行数值模拟,研究了由涡量等值线表示的涡的形状特征.由流场中几种等值线的对比可以得到,主要是涡量等值线与压力等值线之间的差异造成了涡的形状变化.利用广义的茹柯夫斯基变换描述涡相对于轴对称的变形状态.结果表明,描述涡的主要3个参数随半径的变化规律不同,即椭圆率的抛物形分布,偏心率的线性分布和弯度的近似常量的分布.在此基础上给出了3个参数各自对应的运动学量表达式,两者对比的结果还是比较相符的.     

中俄联合火星电离层星-星掩星探测

中俄联合火星星-星掩星探测是人类首次在火星空间环境进行此类的联合试验。用于探测火星电离层的星-星掩星技术较以前星地间的探测技术相比,有可接收高信噪比信号,反演精度高,可探测火星上太阳天顶角大于43°,或者小于138°的区域电离层等优点。本文介绍了中俄联合火星星-星掩星探测方案、基本原理,给出了主要技术指标、地面模拟测试结果。     

气溶胶光学特性偏振遥感反演算法

陆地上空大气顶的辐射主要由大气散射和地表反射组成,一般地表反射的贡献要大于大气散射的贡献,使得陆地上空气溶胶的特性提取非常困难,而偏振信息只强烈依赖于散射粒子的特性,发展基于偏振信息的气溶胶反演方法是非常有效的. 通过对矢量辐射传输方程求解进行研究,基于倍加累加法矢量辐射传输模式分析影响气溶胶反演的主要因素,确定多维参数查找表建立方法,利用POLDER(Polarization and Directionality of the Earth-s Reflectances)提供的反射率和偏振反射率数据,发展了一种利用反射率和偏振反射率查找表迭代查找反演气溶胶光学参数和地表反射率的算法,实现了对北京、香河、Dalanzadgad观测站上空气溶胶光学厚度、粒子半径、折射指数和地表反射率的反演.用AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network)地基数据对反演结果进行了验证.     

非圆截面弹体气动隐身一体化设计方法

从非圆截面弹体气动和隐身设计要求出发,根据多目标优化的基本概念,将Pareto方法与遗传优化搜索相结合,采用了联赛式选择复制算子、小生境技术和Pareto解集过滤器技术使解集具有较好分布特性,并在此基础上应用了旨在提高优化计算效率的响应面方法.通过采用基于N-S方程的数值求解方法计算弹体气动性能,采用物理光学法和物理绕射理论来计算其雷达散射截面积,实现了基于Pareto遗传算法的非圆截面弹体气动与隐身两个目标函数间的折衷与优化,取得了较好的优化设计结果.