直11型机尾桨变距拉杆故障分析与处理

直11型直升机交付用户在外场使用时,出现两类尾桨变距拉杆上端关节轴承从拉杆本体中脱出的故障。鉴于该故障将严重影响直升机的使用安全,为此,设计和制造部门通过对故障出现的原因进行分析和充分的试验,采取了相应的措施。这些措施经装机试飞验证取得了很好的实施效果。     

激光冲击对TC11钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

对TC11钛合金进行激光冲击强化处理,通过透射电子显微镜观察不同参数下TC11钛合金的微观组织变化,用显微硬度计和X射线应力测试仪分别测试材料表层硬度和残余应力,并通过TC11钛合金标准疲劳试片高周振动疲劳试验验证激光冲击对其疲劳性能的影响.试验结果表明:激光冲击波作用后表面组织结构发生明显变化,当冲击次数增加,先后出现了高密度位错、位错胞和纳米级晶粒等微观组织特征.冲击10次后,表面残余应力最高达到-632.5MPa,相应的塑性变形层深度达到1500μm左右;同时表面硬度在冲击1次即可提高19%,硬度影响深度为700μm,随着次数增加而提高,但幅度不大.经3次冲击处理的TC11钛合金标准疲劳试片的疲劳极限由原始483MPa提高到593MPa.      

TC11钛合金片层组织热变形行为及组织演变

通过热压缩试验研究了具有初始β转变组织的TC11钛合金在两相区800～980 ℃和应变速率0.001～0.1 s-1范围内的热变形行为和组织演变.分析了该合金在试验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征.动力学分析获得该合金在两相区变形的应力指数和变形激活能分别为4.42和490.8 kJ·mol-1,说明变形主要是位错的滑移和攀移过程.分析变形组织认为,片层组织的球化和弯折是两相区变形应力软化的原因.温度和应变速率严重影响片层组织球化过程的进行,980 ℃,0.001 s-1和0.01 s-1,以及950℃,0.001 s-1条件下变形有利于片层组织球化过程的充分进行.900～980 ℃,0.001～0.1 s-1球化过程中,变形到稳态的等轴α直径与温度补偿应变速率参数Z呈对数线性关系.     

TC11钛合金的最大m值超塑性变形研究

介绍最大m值超塑性变形的试验方法和计算机控制系统,分析TC11钛合金采用该方法的超塑性变形特点。试验结果表明,经过细化处理的TC11钛合金,在900℃时恒应变速率试验的最大延伸率为1260%,采用最大m值变形方式可以获得异常高的超塑性,延伸率为2300%。TC11超塑性变形以晶界滑移为主,并伴随晶内位错滑移,最大m值法超塑性变形能够使动态再结晶充分发生,是提高钛合金塑性的有效方法。     

铣削淬硬模具钢SKD11铣削表面质量试验研究

为了对高效铣削淬硬模具钢SKD11的新型铣刀进行优选,对不同几何结构的铣刀加工得到的表面质量进行了分析.综合考虑了加工表面粗糙度、切屑微观形态、硬度及硬化层深度、残余应力分布和晶相组织结构变化等多方面因素,研究了不同铣刀的几何特性及其磨损特性对表面质量的影响.实验结果表明,前角5°,后角10°,刀尖圆弧半径为1 mm,铣刀螺旋角为45°的几何结构铣刀完成了表面完整性试验中.此外,在淬硬钢铣削加工中合理地选择加工参数可以获得0.4μm的表面粗糙度;采用合理的正前角可以抑制锯齿形切屑的产生.铣削淬硬模具钢能在加工表面产生残余压应力,通过增加铣刀后角和抑制后刀面磨损可以推迟加工表面软化现象的发生.     

TC11钛合金高温流变行为及组织演变

通过热压缩试验研究了具有β转变组织的TC11钛合金在温度1030～1090℃和应变速率0.001～10s-1范围内的流变行为和组织演变.分析了该合金在试验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征.动力学分析获得β区变形的应力指数和变形激活能分别为3.32和135.5kJ×mol-1,表明β区的热变形主要受扩散所控制.组织观察发现,试验条件下原始β晶粒有两种细化方式,一种是以变形拉长的原始β晶粒晶界布满项链状的细小均匀的新晶粒为特征的晶粒细化方式;另一种是以变形拉长的具有锯齿形晶界的原始β晶粒内部布满细小均匀的新晶粒为特征的晶粒细化方式.高温变形后保温期间的软化行为表明,原始β晶粒的细化方式取决于变形过程中位错的产生和消失之间的竞争机制.     

TA11钛合金超高周疲劳行为

利用常规疲劳试验方法获得TA11合金在不同温度,不同应力比下的3×10~7及1×108超高周疲劳极限,并采用三参数幂函数法获得合金超高周疲劳中值S-N曲线及其描述方程。研究发现:与传统1×10~7疲劳极限相比,TA11合金的超高周(3×10~7及1×108)疲劳强度表现出继续降低的趋势,这一趋势在负应力比(R=-1)下不太明显,在正应力比(R=0.1,0.5)下十分显著,并且室温下的降低幅度大于高温下的降低幅度;断口分析表明,室温下TA11合金试样的超高周疲劳裂纹均萌生于表面,高温下TA11合金试样的超高周疲劳裂纹萌生方式与应力比有关,R=-1和0.1时疲劳裂纹萌生于表面,R=0.5时疲劳裂纹萌生于内部;TA11合金试样的表面状态是导致其疲劳寿命分散的主要原因。     

制备方法对LaMg11Zr+200%Ni储氢合金电化学性能的影响

分别采用机械合金化和熔炼-机械合金化制备了LaMg11Zr+200％Ni储氢合金,研究了合金结构和电化学性能.结果表明,由机械合金化制备的合金经球磨20h后近于非晶化,但还存在一个微弱的LaMg衍射峰,合金颗粒的粒度为2～5μm,且有轻微的团聚现象.熔炼-机械合金化制备的合金球磨20h后达到完全非晶化,合金颗粒大小更为均匀,呈规则的球状或近球状形态.熔炼-机械合金化制备的合金的最大放电容量比机械合金化制备的合金小,但循环稳定性和高倍放电性能好.     

GRB host galaxies: An unbiased sample

We describe the current status and recent results from our Swift/VLT legacy survey, a VLT Large Programme aimed at characterizing the host galaxies of a homogeneously selected sub-sample of Swift   GRBs. The immediate goals are to determine the host luminosity function, study the effects of reddening, determine the fraction of Lyα$\mathrm{Ly}\mathrm{\alpha }$ emitters in the hosts, and obtain redshifts for targets without a reported one. The main effort so far has been the definition of a very carefully selected sample, obeying strict and well-defined criteria: 68 targets in total. Among the preliminary results is a large optical detection rate, the lack of extremely red objects (only one possible case in the sample) and an update of the Swift   GRB redshift distribution with 〈z〉∼2.0$〈z〉\sim 2.0$.     

The Middle Atmospheric Ozone Response to the 11-Year Solar Cycle

Because of its chemical and radiative properties, atmospheric ozone constitutes a key element of the Earth’s climate system. Absorption of sunlight by ozone in the ultraviolet wavelength range is responsible for stratospheric heating, and determines the temperature structure of the middle atmosphere. Changes in middle atmospheric ozone concentrations result in an altered radiative input to the troposphere and to the Earth’s surface, with implications on the energy balance and the chemical composition of the lower atmosphere. Although a wide range of ground- and satellite-based measurements of its integrated content and of its vertical distribution have been performed since several decades, a number of uncertainties still remain as to the response of middle atmospheric ozone to changes in solar irradiance over decadal time scales. This paper presents an overview of achieved findings, including a discussion of commonly applied data analysis methods and of their implication for the obtained results. We suggest that because it does not imply least-squares fitting of prescribed periodic or proxy data functions into the considered times series, time-domain analysis provides a more reliable method than multiple regression analysis for extracting decadal-scale signals from observational ozone datasets. Applied to decadal ground-based observations, time-domain analysis indicates an average middle atmospheric ozone increase of the order of 2% from solar minimum to solar maximum, which is in reasonable agreement with model results.