Effect of nickel introduced by electroplating on pyrocarbon deposition of carbon-fiber preforms

In order to improve the deposition rate and microstructure of pyrocarbon, nickel was introduced by electroplating on carbon fibers and used as a catalyst during the deposition of pyrocarbon at 1000 C using methane as a precursor gas. The distribution of nickel catalyst and the microstructure of pyrocarbon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and Raman micro-spectrometry. Results show that nano-sized nickel particles could be well distributed on carbon fibers and the pyrocarbon deposited catalytically had a smaller d002 value and a higher graphitization degree compared with that without catalyst. In addition, the deposition rate of pyrocarbon in each hour was measured.The deposition rate of pyrocarbon in the first hour was more than 10 times when carbon cloth substrates were doped with nickel catalysts as compared to the pure carbon cloths. The pyrocarbon gained by rapid deposition may include two parts, which are generation directly on the nickel catalyst and formation with the carbon nanofibers as crystal nucleus.     

基于超声能量衰减的螺栓轴向应力测量

针对现存方法难以精确测量高强度航空螺栓轴向应力，提出一种使用超声信号能量衰减的螺栓轴向应力测量方法。首先，基于受载多晶体金属散射衰减理论，推导了瑞利散射范围内考虑内应力的体心立方晶系材料超声波衰减系数。然后，针对高频超声相干性差以及信号中存在柱面导波等问题，采用信号多次回波频谱能量衰减表征航空螺栓轴向应力并推导了相关理论模型，提出了考虑螺栓夹紧长度的能量衰减法标定公式。最后，搭建了螺栓轴向应力超声测量平台，对比了能量衰减法和声时差法的测量结果，证明了能量衰减法更适合于航空螺栓等高强度螺栓的轴向应力测量。     

Analytical solutions of cracks emanating from an elliptical hole under shear

Based on the complex variable method, the analytical solutions of stress functions and stress intensity factors（SIFs） are provided for the plane problem of two collinear edge cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in an infinite plate under shear. The stress distribution along the horizontal axis is given in graphical forms, which conforms to Saint-Venant＇s principle. The influences of crack length and ellipse shape on the stress intensity factors are evaluated. Comparing the analytical solutions with finite element method（FEM） results shows good coincidence. These numerical examples show that the present solutions are accurate.     

自然时效对Al⁃Zn⁃Mg合金搅拌摩擦 焊接头显微硬度与残余应力影响

搅拌摩擦焊接与弧焊有本质的不同,材料经历的温度循环特征、约束状态与弧焊区别明显,应进一步开展长期服役性能的研究。归纳了搅拌摩擦焊接的特殊性,针对Al-Zn-Mg系T4态铝合金材料,测试分析了焊后随时效残余应力分布、硬度变化特征,测试焊缝及前进、退出侧的极化曲线,发现了搅拌摩擦焊接接头的焊接残余应力回升现象。结合接头硬度、组织特征,实际生产中搅拌摩擦焊接缺欠特征及位置概率,与搅拌摩擦焊接接头电化学测试结果印证,对应力回升引起的应力腐蚀风险等工艺风险性进行了预测。上述工作对认识、规范搅拌摩擦焊接生产,保证焊接质量具有重要的工程价值。     

基于数据驱动的结构钢表面应力磁巴克豪森噪声表征方法

磁巴克豪森噪声（MBN）技术可用于定量评估铁磁材料的表面应力。当前MBN法应力评估技术存在特征量选取较难、定量预测模型复杂且对标定数据集的拟合精度较低的不足。提出一种数据驱动的非线性映射算法拟合MBN噪声和应力的关系，研究了基于小波包变换系数的时频特征替代统计特征量，减少了样本数据计算量。采用MBN噪声在小波包变换时-频域内的小波包变换系数作为特征向量，利用基于奇异值分解的数据降维算法降低特征向量的维数，将经过数据降维后的特征向量输入反向传播（BP）神经网络进行模型训练以建立预测模型。结果表明：采用基于奇异值分解的数据降维算法可降低模型的复杂度，利用降维后的小波包变换系数特征向量训练BP神经网络可实现铁磁材料表面应力的高精度预测。建立的表征方法有效解决了铁磁构件应力分布成像问题，在预防应力腐蚀、提高疲劳强度等损伤预警方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

航天载机不同前体方案预压缩效果计算研究

采用欧拉方程解流场程序计算了两种航天飞机载机的前机身设计方案的流场分析，并用工程方法评估了这两种前机身设计方案的预压缩效果。     

蜂窝夹层结构NASTRAN计算方法探讨

介绍应用NASTRAN计算蜂窝夹层结构应力应变的三种方法，并将算例计算结果同理论解进行比较，证明所采用的计算方法是可行的。