空间机械臂三维全物理地面试验方法研究

空间机械臂为七自由度冗余机械臂,在轨操作任务和对象多样,空间运动轨迹复杂,性能受重力影响明显;地面模拟零重力环境、支持空间机械臂三维运动一直是地面试验的难点.提出了一种空间机械臂零重力模拟试验方法,利用气足悬浮+悬吊的方法实现了空间机械臂三维空间、七自由度运动的全物理地面模拟,地面试验验证了此零重力模拟方法的有效性.     

An intelligent control method for a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin

The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are diffcult to be controlled quickly and accurately with a classical PID algorithm.Considering the dynamic state characteristics of the environmental simulation test chamber,a lumped parameter model of the control system is established to accurately control the multiple parameters of the environmental chamber and a fuzzy control algorithm combined with expert-PID decision is introduced into the temperature,pressure,and rotation speed control systems.Both simulations and experimental results have shown that compared with classical PID control,this fuzzy-expert control method can decrease overshoot as well as enhance the capacity of anti-dynamic disturbance with robustness.It can also resolve the contradiction between rapidity and small overshoot,and is suitable for application in a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin control system.     

Multi-parameter decoupling and slope tracking control strategy of a large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin

A large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin was developed to accurately control temperatures and pressures encountered at high altitudes. The system was developed to provide slope-tracking dynamic control of the temperature–pressure two-parameter and overcome the control difficulties inherent to a large inertia lag link with a complex control system which is composed of turbine refrigeration device, vacuum device and liquid nitrogen cooling device. The system includes multi-parameter decoupling of the cabin itself to avoid equipment damage of air refrigeration turbine caused by improper operation. Based on analysis of the dynamic characteristics and modeling for variations in temperature, pressure and rotation speed, an intelligent controller was implemented that includes decoupling and fuzzy arithmetic combined with an expert PID controller to control test parameters by decoupling and slope tracking control strategy. The control system employed centralized management in an open industrial ethernet architecture with an industrial computer at the core. The simulation and field debugging and running results show that this method can solve the problems of a poor anti-interference performance typical for a conventional PID and overshooting that can readily damage equipment. The steady-state characteristics meet the system requirements.     

火星无人机实验台发展综述及构想

火星地表崎岖、环境复杂,火星无人机由于其具有高机动性和灵活性,为火星探测提供了一种新的工作模式,是未来深空探测的重要范式。本文对比了火星与地球相关地表环境参数的差异,分析了火星无人机需要克服的困难和主要用途,阐明了火星无人机实验台的重要性;详细介绍了国内外研究机构研发火星无人机实验台的技术特点与功能优劣,总结了实验台需要具备的模拟火星环境和测量相关参数。在此基础上,提出了构建火星无人机实验台设想,给出了总体设计思想和思路,并对火星无人机气动力学实验平台的应用前景进行了展望。     

利用Simons模型研究卫星羽流污染

发动机羽流对卫星引起干扰力矩及沉积效应,对羽流污染分析是卫星污染分析中的重要部分。文章在分析发动机羽流流动特点的基础上,详细介绍了Simons模型,并将其用于某卫星20 N发动机羽流对其邻近壁面沉积污染的模拟。计算结果表明,羽流会对邻近壁面产生污染沉积效应,平均沉积速率1.89 10-4 kg/(s?m2)。通过此算例证明,Simons模型是一种有效的快速估算羽流污染的工程方法。     

美国"空间环境及其效应"计划

对航天器来说,围绕地球和太阳的空间环境是极为严酷的.它决不是完全真空,而是充满高能粒子流和来自太阳的电离辐射.地磁场把热等离子体(或太阳风)捕获并集中在一个区域内,在地球上层大气存在着热流动和热梯度,而在地球周围还存在天然的微流星和不断积累的由航天器产生的人为空间碎片.     

空战场全数字模拟电磁环境表示方法

战场电磁环境模拟是检验空基电子信息装备电磁环境适应性和在复杂电磁环境下作战能力的重要手段。针对空战场全数字模拟中电磁环境表征及建模问题,提出了基于实体环境和信号环境分类的电磁环境表示方法,从战场态势、传播环境和作战过程等三个方面对实体环境进行表示;从接收机前端信号环境、信号统计特性和信号环境平均功率密度等三方面对电磁信号环境进行了表示,并给出了仿真结果。     

发展小型空间环境模拟设备是未来的一种趋势

大型空间环境模拟设备已成系列化,完全能满足大型航天器发展的需要。航天器小型化将是一种发展趋势,空间环境模拟设备必须适应这种发展要求。小型空间环境模拟设备除了能保证微小型航天器的试验需要外,在开展空间环境影响机理的研究、预先研究和降低试验成本上有其优势。     

浅析载人航天工程中的人机与环境工程问题

回顾了国外载人航天工程中遇到的人机与环境工程问题及国外人机与环境工程在航天领域的发展过程,指出在我国载人航天领域急需加强人机与环境工程的研究工作,对国内有关研究单位的工作作了回顾总结,提出了一些有待开展的研究课题。     

两名中国商人将游太空

据媒体报道，总部位于新墨西哥州的维京太空旅游公司计划在2008年底把首批共100人送入太空，其中有两人是中国商界成功人士。维京公司只是透露这两名中国太空游客为一男一女。据了解，这些太空游客花费20万美元，在太空停留半个小时，体验5分钟零重力滋味。