发动机进口附面层测量试验与数值模拟

以某型涡扇发动机科研试飞为平台,设计搭建发动机附面层测量试验系统,进行了多种飞行工况及涡扇发动机工作状态下的附面层测量试验。通过试验数据分析和研究,评估了各计算参数对涡扇发动机进口附面层厚度的影响。建立三维数值模型,计算了相应工况下的附面层特性,计算数据与试验数据吻合良好。研究结果表明:随着发动机状态的增大,进气道出口的附面层物理厚度增大、附面层位移厚度减小,附面层对空气流通能力的影响降低。     

低背鳍对细长平板三角翼分离涡稳定性影响的研究

对细长锥体分离涡稳定性判据进行了介绍,并应用该判据对细长体平板三角翼和加上两个不同高度背鳍组合体分离涡流场的稳定性进行了分析。为了验证理论分析的有效性,并观察气动力随迎角的变化,根据理论分析模型设计了实验模型,并在低速风洞进行了六分量天平测力实验,三角翼后掠角为82．5°,实验迎角范围12°～32°,侧滑角范围-10°～＋10°,实验雷诺数1．66×106。实验结果表明：在翼面上发生旋涡破裂前,单独细长平板三角翼的横向力／力矩在实验迎角范围内始终为零;加了两个不同高度的背鳍后,在一定迎角下,三角翼的横向力／力矩变得不为零。理论分析结果和实验结果在定性上吻合得很好,初步验证了有关文献关于细长锥体分离涡的稳定性理论。     

多舵面大型民机阵风减缓系统设计

提出用多块对称偏转的扰流片和副翼构成飞机的多舵面操作模型,采用开闭环控制相结合的控制方案,并用LQG方法实现控制律的设计和仿真,设计了一种切实可行的民机阵风减缓控制系统.仿真结果表明,所设计的阵风载荷减缓控制器能有效减缓阵风引起的飞机法向过载,实现阵风减缓.     

飞行器静操纵性评估方法研究

建立了一种基于优化思想的配平舵偏求解方法,在此基础上对飞行器静操纵性进行了评估。具体采用三通道线性叠加模型,结合多维线性插值和牛顿-拉夫森算法,对大量的飞行器风洞试验数据进行处理,快速准确地求解出各个状态下的配平舵偏。与传统求解方法相比,该方法求解精度不受搜索间隔限制,求解时间大大缩短。通过对求解结果进行分析,评估飞行器的静操纵性,提高了静操纵性的评估效率和准确性。     

Experimental investigation on SPS casing treatment with bias flow

Generally, casing treatment（CT） is a passivity method to enhance the stall margin of fan/compressor. A novel casing treatment based on the small disturbance theory and vortex and wave interaction suggestion is a method combining passive control and active control, which has been proved effective at enhancing the stall margin of fan/compressor in experiment. In order to investigate the mechanism of this kind of casing treatment, an experimental investigation of a stall precursor-suppressed（SPS） casing treatment with air suction or blowing air is conducted in the present paper. The SPS casing treatment is designed to suppressing stall precursors to realize stall margin enhancement in turbomachinery. The experimental results show that the casing treatment with blowing air of small quantity can improve the stall margin by about 8% with about 1% efficiency loss. By contrast, the SPS casing treatment with micro-bias flow does not improve the stall margin much more than that without bias flow, even worse. Meanwhile, the present investigation has also attempted to reveal the mechanism of stall margin improvement with the casing treatment.It is found that the stall margin improvements vary with the modification of the unsteady shedding flow and the unsteady wall boundary impedance. The experimental results agree fairly well with the theoretical prediction using a flow stability model of rotating stall.     

Topology optimization of compliant adaptive wing leading edge with composite materials

An approach for designing the compliant adaptive wing leading edge with composite material is proposed based on the topology optimization. Firstly, an equivalent constitutive relationship of laminated glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite plates has been built based on the symmetric laminated plate theory. Then, an optimization objective function of compliant adaptive wing leading edge was used to minimize the least square error（LSE） between deformed curve and desired aerodynamics shape. After that, the topology structures of wing leading edge of different glass fiber ply-orientations were obtained by using the solid isotropic material with penalization（SIMP） model and sensitivity filtering technique. The desired aerodynamics shape of compliant adaptive wing leading edge was obtained based on the proposed approach. The topology structures of wing leading edge depend on the glass fiber ply-orientation. Finally, the corresponding morphing experiment of compliant wing leading edge with composite materials was implemented, which verified the morphing capability of topology structure and illustrated the feasibility for designing compliant wing leading edge. The present paper lays the basis of ply-orientation optimization for compliant adaptive wing leading edge in unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） field.     

紧凑式换热器全高度传热特性研究

发展了可工程应用的紧凑式换热器传热模型,从三个层次对换热器进行讨论。针对空气循环制冷系统中的换热器,分析了二轮低压除水和二轮高压除水空气循环制冷系统中换热器的传热特性,计算结果与试验数据符合良好。该方法利用较少的实验数据即可得到全高度特性,不仅满足工程计算的要求,而且为评估换热器性能提供了理论依据。     

波瓣型燃气/空气混合装置的设计与模拟

空气涡轮火箭或涡轮基组合冲压发动机中,混合装置对于提高燃烧效率具有重要的作用。为了提高燃气与空气的混合效率,针对波瓣型混合器提出了混合器出口轴向速度一致的原则来指导设计混合器。设计了两种不同类型的波瓣型混合器,并通过数值模拟分析了混合器出口截面形式和中心体端面对混合效率的影响。结果表明:混合器燃气与空气出口截面的面积比是波瓣型混合器设计的关键因素,恰当调整出口面积比使出口速度接近可以明显提高混合效率;中心体截面缩进和凸出会使混合效率降低。     

空气节流对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室起动点火影响的数值研究

利用空气节流在流场中产生激波串,有效地辅助燃料实现起动点火.非定常Navier-Stokes方程数值模拟研究了空气节流对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室起动点火的影响,分析了起动点火时间段(0~1.0ms)内空气节流 对流场参数的影响.数值模拟结果表明:在燃烧室入口马赫数为2.0、静温为548.8K、静压为101555.9 Pa,乙烯燃料当量比为0.5,先锋氢辅助点火的条件下,距离发动机入口845mm处,节流流量为入口空气流量的30%,有效地实现了发动机的起动点火,无空气节流情况下的发动机点火效果不佳,火焰最终熄灭.      

高温风洞蓄热式加热器蓄热单元初步设计与分析

蓄热式加热器是目前高温纯净空气风洞最具潜力和优势的一种加热方式。针对空心砖型蓄热式加热器,开展了空心砖型蓄热单元初步设计研究,涉及换热性能、压降控制和热应力评估等方面。结合一个预定的试验状态要求,对空心砖型蓄热单元的初步设计进行分析与讨论,评估孔径、孔间距、蓄热阵高度等几何设计参数对换热性能、压降控制和当地热应力水平的影响,进而确定空心砖型蓄热单元的基本设计方案,结果表明孔径、孔间距是加热器设计的关键参数,对其它参数、运行性能、安全性具有显著影响,高度选择直接影响出口气流温度水平及其稳定时间,初步设计方案可以很好地满足马赫数6．0试验模拟状态要求。研究结果可为空心砖型蓄热式加热器工程设计和方案评估提供有益的参考。