侧风环境下行驶的直背式轿车气动力计算

分别对直背式简化轿车模型在无侧风、稳态侧风、非稳态侧风三种条件下汽车周围流场进行了数值模拟,并对汽车受到的气动力进行了计算.结果表明,定常侧风会产生较大侧向力,阻力和升力也有一定增加;在非定常侧风作用下,气动力变化趋势与侧风速率变化趋势基本相同.阻力增大幅度较为平缓,侧向力增大较为显著,升力处于两者之间.当侧风增大到一定速率后,车外流场会发生较大变化,尾涡会转变为侧向涡.      

WAKE GEOMETRY CALCULATIONS FOR TILT-ROTOR USING VISCOUS VORTEX METHOD

A tilt-rotor unsteady flow analytical method has been developed based upon viscous vortex-particle meth- od. In this method, the vorticity field is divided into small assembled vortex particles. Vortex motion and diffusion are obtained by solving the velocity-vorticity-formed incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a grid-free La- grangian simulation method. Generation of the newly vortex particles is calculated by using the Weissinger-L lifting surface model. Furthermore, in order to significantly improve computational efficiency, a fast multiple method （FMM） is introduced into the calculation of induced velocity and its gradient. Finally, the joint vertical experimen- tal （JVX） tilt-rotor is taken as numerical examples to analyze. The wake geometry and downwash are investigated for both hover and airplane modes. The proposed method for tilt-rotor flow analysis is verified by comparing its re- sults with those available measured data. Comparison indicates that the current method can accurately capture the complicated tilt-rotor wake variation and be suitable for aerodynamic interaction simulation in complex environ- ments. Additionally, the aerodynamic interactional characteristics of dual-rotor wake are discussed in different ro- tor distance. Results show that there are significant differences on interactional characteristics between hover mode and airplane mode.     

SIMULATION OF COMPOSITE NON-LINEAR MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CMCS BY FEM-BASED MULTI- SCALE APPROACH

The non-linear behavior of continuous fiber reinforced C/SiC ceramic matrix composites （CMCs） under tensile loading is modeled by three-dimensional representative volume element （RVE） models of the composite. The theoretical background of the multi-scale approach solved by the finite element method （FEM） is recalled first- ly. Then the geometric characters of three kinds of damage mechanisms, i.e. micro matrix cracks, fiber/matrix interface debonding and fiber fracture, are studied. Three kinds of RVE are proposed to model the microstructure of C/SiC with above damage mechanisms respectively. The matrix cracking is modeled by critical matrix strain en- ergy （CMSE） principle while a maximum shear stress criterion is used for modeling fiber/matrix interface debond- ing. The behavior of fiber fracture is modeled by the famous Weibull statistic theory. A numerical example of con- tinuous fiber reinforced C/SiC composite under tensile loading is performed. The results show that the stress/ strain curve predicted by the developed model agrees with experimental data.     

WIFI AIDED INTEGRITY IMPROVEMENT IN MEMS INS/GNSS INTEGRATION

The reliability of global navigation satellite system （GNSS） positioning degrades when satellite signals are interfered. Such degradation is hard to be deteced by a micro-electro mechanical system （MEMS） based inertial system（INS）/GNSS, integrating navigation system with a conventional Kalman filtering, which results in poten- tial integrity problem of the system. Hence, an algorithm combining wireless fidelity （WiFi） signal with a federa- ted Kalman filter （FKF） is proposed to identify the system integrity in dense urban navigation. The criterion of the system integrity detection is created followed by the derivation of the integrity coefficient. The field test shows that integrity changes can be captured by applying WiFi, and the maximum positioning error is reduced by 67~ without compensation of inertial sensors in integrity deterioration.     

“三叉戟”直升飞艇

传统的飞艇体态过于肥胖,不管怎样改造都克服不了对速度的致命影响。所以,飞艇与固定翼飞机的结合似乎不太可能。除了肥胖影响速度外,由高速产生的巨大气动力对飞艇骨架结构强度的影响也非常可观。所以我认为,飞艇的气囊装在固定翼飞机上不是个好办法。但是直升机就大有机会了!因此,我的设计思路是:用直升机的     

航天飞机驮机空气动力学——航天飞机的空气动力学问题之七

根据美国航天飞机驮机空气动力学的研究结果,本文简要地介绍了轨道器/驮机空气动力学的高阶面元法理论计算,风洞模型试验,仿真和飞行试验。风洞模型试验是建立轨道器/驮机气动数据库的基础,仿真是确定分离程序和训练驾驶员的有效方法,飞行试验是轨道器/驮机的驮运、分离和进场着陆气动性能的最后验证。研究试验表明:飞行试验与风洞试验和仿真结果符合得较好。合理地改装现有大型运输机,可以较好地完成航天飞机轨道器的驮运和进场着陆试验任务。     

高超声速气动试验的新进展

本文报导了1992年7月在美国纳希维尔召开的 AIAA 第17届航空航天地面试验会议的概况。简要地介绍了讨论航空航天地面试验面临的技术挑战,CFD 和地面试验的相互作用,美国气动力学与气动热力学研究的未来等三个大会报告的内容。介绍了在会议报告中叙述的对高超声速气动试验的新要求和自由飞弹道靶、 脉冲风洞、稀薄气体设备、电弧加热器的新进展。最后,对我国高超声速气动试验的发展提出了建议。     

模型自由飞试验的可靠性问题初探

在飞行器气动力汽动热的各种研究方法中，由于模型自由飞试验的涉及面最广、技术最复杂、影响因素最多、风险最大──摸型直接在自由大气中飞行，因而其可靠性问题更显尖锐。本文提出了模型自由飞试验的可靠性定义；强调指出研究模型自由飞试验的可靠性问题之根本目的在于提高其经济性、试验效率和安全性；较为详细地剖析了影响模型自由飞试验可靠性的１７个主要因素──在制定模型自由飞试验研究的总体方案／各分系统方案，以及在整个模型自由飞试验研究工作的进程中，它们都是不容忽视的重要技术环节。     

1．2m和0．6m高速风洞飞机大攻角测力试验数据相关性研究

介绍飞机大攻角标模在高速所１．２ｍ和０．６ｍ风洞中进行大攻角测力试验研究所得数据与国外２．５ｍ和０．６ｍ风洞所得数据的相关研究情况。相关性研究的试验Ｍ数均为０．３５～０．８；两座０．６ｍ风洞试验攻角为０～２９°；侧滑角高速所为５°，国外为５°、１０°。１．２ｍ和２．５ｍ风洞的试验攻角为－３～４８°；侧滑角为５°、１０°。研究表明，该飞机模型在这四座风洞中吹风试验数据的相关性是好的。