基于UKF的实时弹道解算参数稳健设计

在基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter,无迹卡尔曼滤波)的实时弹道解算应用中,外部环境不稳定的影响以及观测过程中野值的存在,使得基于经验参数设置的滤波易于发散.因此,需要针对指定型号调节和设置滤波器参数的取值,使其克服上述现象.针对这一问题,提出了基于理论弹道先验的参数稳健设计方法,对滤波器参数最优值进行预测.从滤波器的架构出发,梳理出影响滤波器性能的相关参数,结合稳健设计思想,外设计部分基于理论弹道先验信息,通过模拟弹道特征点构造弹道观测模型;而内设计部份,构造模型的测元数据进行正交试验,判断参数的显著性,获取相应的最优参数取值,从而为实时解算弹道的参数设置提供指导.实际数据试验结果表明,该方法可显著提高滤波器的实算稳健性和收敛性能.     

地球之外的生命（下）

德雷克方程式 1960年，美国天文学家弗兰克·德雷克，成为用敏感的无线电搜寻来自地外文明信号的第一人。他将一个26米的射电望远镜对准二颗近邻星，一次虚警之后，没发现有意识的信号。第二年，在为一个梦想思想家（包括年轻的萨根）的会议准备时，他以《如何讨论探测智能生命可能性》为题写了一个大纲，大纲从恒星形成的速率、典型的行星数量和消解文明的寿命开始。他说：“我认为这只不过是一个骗局。现在让我吃惊的是，这竟然被写进了天文学教科书。”     

彗星状的云球

这片富星场中心处镶着亮边的地方，位于南天航海星座——船底座和船帆座的交接处。这群主要成分是星际云气和尘埃的彗星状云球，距离约有1300光年远，长度则在1光年上下。邻近炽热恒星的高能紫外辐射，除了为云球塑形外，所造成的电离也为它们镶上了金边。此外，这些云球泛流的方向远离船帆座超新星遗骸，因此它们掠过的地方可能也曾受到超新星的影响。云球之内，冷云气和尘埃聚成的团核可能正在塌缩形成小质量恒星，而它们的形成终将造成云球的消散。事实上，位于这群云球右上角的彗星状云球CG30，它头部的小红晕斑，就是由恒星形成初期阶段的高能喷流造成的。     

新一代通信卫星的星上天线系统发展趋向

单址对多址和多址对多址的卫星通信需要经济有效地利用星上电源和带宽资源,这势必要采用诸如仿形波束(Contoured Beam,或译等电平波束)、多波束(Multiple Beam)和波束跳跃(Beam Hopping)天线等先进的天线方案。本文将讨论这些天线的优点。在重点讨论反射器天线构造的同时,也述及诸如相控阵、成象反射器和有源天线等各种硬件。     

非概率可靠性的工程应用研究

文章论述了非概率可靠性的提出、定义及发展现状等.对非概率可靠性的两种方法即稳健可靠性和区间可靠性的评估方法进行了对比,讨论了qmu(即裕量和不确定性的量化)方法与非概率可靠性的关系,给出了稳健可靠性在螺栓静强度分析中的应用实例,给出了区间可靠性在某库存部件的理化性能分析中的应用实例.     

UFO信箱

云南黄清:读了贵刊2004年第1期钱星博先生的《由陨石木乃伊谈起》一文后,觉得不太对劲。首先文章说2003年7月在澳洲掉下一个大陨石,高2.5米,直径4.5米。这从几何原理来说是不通的,哪有高度小于直径的道理,不论是圆或正方形都说不通。 其次就是四个木乃伊在一处。作者由此说可能是一家人,由于火山爆发或地震被裹在岩石里了。当然这是推测,但也说不过去。火山岩浆温度很高,裹在岩石里的这家人,早该化为灰烬。地震更不可能,连地球人都能预测地震的发生,何况高度文明的外星人。就算这4个被火山熔岩卷了,又是凭借什么力量使这团熔岩逃出该星球的地心引力来到地球的呢?这既然是2003年的事,为什么未见媒体报道?美国是     

Optimization of beamforming and path planning for UAV-assisted wireless relay networks

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） acting as relay platforms have attracted considerable attention due to the advantages of extending coverage and improving connectivity for long-range communications. Specifically, in the scenario where the access point （AP） is mobile, a UAV needs to find an efficient path to guarantee the connectivity of the relay link. Motivated by this fact, this paper proposes an optimal design for beamforming （BF） and UAV path planning. First of all, we study a dual-hop amplify-and-forward （AF） wireless relay network, in which a UAV is used as relay between a mobile AP and a fixed base station （BS）. In the network, both of the AP and the BS are equipped with multiple antennas, whereas the UAV has a single antenna. Then, we obtain the output signal~to-noise ratio （SNR） of the dual-hop relay network. Based on the criterion of maximizing the output SNR, we develop an optimal design to obtain the solution of the optimal BF weight vector and the UAV heading angle. Next, we derive the closed-form outage probability （OP） expression to investigate the performance of the dual-hop relay network conveniently. Finally, computer simulations show that the proposed approach can obtain nearly optimal flying path and OP performance, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we find that increasing the antenna number at the BS or the maximal heading angle can significantly improve the performance of the considered relay network.     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.