政府和商业发射并用的美国新型运载火箭(下)

七、“渐进一次性运载器”(EELV)项目1.EELV项目的确定针对运载火箭的状况,美国从80年代中就开始在多个层面上研究取代已有火箭的新型航天发射系统方案。虽经三届政府和多个委员会的研究和建议,包括为几个方案拨款及开展方案论证和预研等工作,但新型航天发射系统的方案因为资金、要求改变和方案不被认可等因素始终没有得到批准。1993年8月众议院科学技术委员会航天科学与应用小组委员会主持召开“鼓励商业运载火箭工业发展”听证会后,国会在同年11月《1994财年国防授权法》中指令国防部与白宫科技政策办公室磋商,为国防部或美国政府制订…     

《火箭推进》征稿启事

一、《火箭推进》是航天推进技术研究院主办的运载器与导弹动力专业学术刊物,专业方向侧重于火箭发动机。二、《火箭推进》为双月刊,国内外公开发行,刊载火箭发动机、吸气式发动机、非常规动     

Singular formalism and admissible control of spacecraft with rotating flexible solar array

This paper is concerned with the attitude control of a three-axis-stabilized spacecraft which consists of a central rigid body and a flexible sun-tracking solar array driven by a solar array drive assembly. Based on the linearization of the dynamics of the spacecraft and the modal identi- ties about the flexible and rigid coupling matrices, the spacecraft attitude dynamics is reduced to a formally singular system with periodically varying parameters, which is quite different from a space- craft with fixed appendages. In the framework of the singular control theory, the regularity and impulse-freeness of the singular system is analyzed and then admissible attitude controllers are designed by Lyapunov＇s method. To improve the robustness against system uncertainties, an H∞ optimal control is designed by optimizing the H∞ norm of the system transfer function matrix. Comparative numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical results.     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.     

某型机风挡加温系统控制规律的数值模拟

风挡电加温系统的控制规律是系统设计的重要部分。采用有限容积法模拟某型机风挡加温系统的控制规律,计算飞行包线下的温度和电加热功率的瞬时变化情况,分析在不同的天气条件下温度和加热功率瞬态变化的差异,得到实际情况下系统的工作规律。结果表明:由于玻璃具有热惯性,系统加温达到稳定状态后,基本上在较低的功率水平工作;外表面和导热膜的温度受外界环境影响较大,内表面的温度在加热过程中总体呈现增加趋势;设计时控制规律还可不断优化,以使系统具有更好的加热效率。该研究结果可为风挡加温系统的设计提供参考。     

带低压油腔活塞式蓄压器故障的分析

本文通过歼七飞机现场调试中出现的带低压油腔活塞式蓄压器故障，进行了理论分析，阐述了试验结果、产生故障的主要原因和解决措施。     

采用以谐振隧道贯穿效应的光纤偏振器

我们首次演示了一种采用谐振隧道贯穿效应、多层漏泄、全光纤的光纤偏振器，实验证实器件的偏振水光比（ＰＥＲ）≈２７ｄＢ，插入损耗（ＩＬ）≈３ｄＢ，并有进一步改善器件性能的潜力；为分析该器件，提出了一种简单的平面波导模型，理论预计与实验结果完全一致，进一步研究表明：通过适当选取器件参数，对于波长λ＝０．６３８８μｍ，消光比为６８ｄＢ，插入损耗为０．２ｄＢ；当λ＝１．３μｍ时，实现ＰＥＲ约８０ｄＢ，插入损     

差动式电涡流传感器在摆式加速度计中的应用

差动电涡流传感器因结构简单、灵敏度高、线性范围大而得到广泛的应用。本文主要论述了差动式电涡流传感器在摆式加速度计中的应用,实验结果表明该设计结构合理、工艺可行,能满足使用要求。     

Aero-Vironment公司的创新精神代代相传

<正> 以制造人力和太阳能飞机著称的Aero-Vironment公