表面处理对17-4PH不锈钢抗固体粒子冲蚀性能的影响

为对比研究表面处理对17-4PH不锈钢抗固体粒子冲蚀性能的影响,在17-4PH不锈钢表面进行了多弧离子镀陶瓷/金属多层膜制备、激光表面合金化(LSA)处理和超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)硬质合金层处理,利用划痕仪、自组装的不锈钢抗固体粒子冲蚀(SPE)装置、多冲疲劳试验机对上述三种表面处理试样的小攻角和大攻角SPE失效行为和机理进行了研究。结果表明,微切削是17-4PH不锈钢及其表面改性试样小攻角下固体粒子冲蚀破坏的主要失效机制,多冲型疲劳破坏是17-4PH不锈钢及其表面改性试样大攻角下固体粒子冲蚀的主要失效机制。HVOF WC-17Co涂层可显著提高17-4PH不锈钢30°小攻角和90°大攻角下SPE抗力。激光表面合金化层能够改善17-4PH不锈钢抗30°小攻角和90°大攻角下SPE性能,但SPE性能改善效果弱于HVOF喷涂涂层。TiAl N/Ti多层膜不能显著提高17-4PH不锈钢抗30°小攻角和90°大攻角的SPE性能。     

一种减少失速保护虚警率的混合滤波方法

针对飞机失速保护设计过程中易出现虚警的情况,提出一种基于FIR和传统滤波器相结合的混合滤波方法。结合飞机本体的运动特征,对参与失速保护逻辑运算的两个重要参数,即侧向加速度和迎角信号进行频率分析,基于信号的特征设计混合滤波器,然后采用Simulink滤波工具箱设计滤波器对信号进行滤波处理。仿真结果表明该方法能够减少虚警率的发生,特别是大背景噪声下的虚警率能够得到较好抑制,验证了滤波器设计正确性,从而提高失速保护功能对适航条款符合性。该滤波器设计方法,不但可以有效解决本文提到的问题,对于其他涉及信号处理的系统设计同样具有借鉴意义。     

无网格法耦合RNG k-ε湍流模型在亚、跨声速翼型黏性绕流中的数值模拟

基于移动最小二乘无网格方法,耦合RNG(Re-Normalisation Group)k-ε湍流模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程。采用AUSM(Advection Upstream Splitting Method)+-up迎风格式求解数值通量,应用在高度各向异性点云结构中取得良好结果的点云重构技术结合移动最小二乘法拟合空间导数,并用三阶SSP(Strong Stability Preserving)型Runge-Kutta显式时间推进格式求解离散后的控制方程。在此基础之上,实现了对NACA0012、RAE2822翼型亚、跨声速黏性绕流的数值模拟,给出了翼型表面压力系数分布曲线、不同位置处的平均速度剖面、马赫数等值线等计算结果,并与实验值及相关文献数值模拟结果进行比较,结果吻合较好。表明所发展的结合点云重构技术的无网格方法耦合RNGk-ε湍流模型能够成功模拟翼型亚、跨声速黏性绕流,验证了所提算法的有效性,并拓展了无网格方法求解湍流流动的途径。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

前缘参数对翼型气动-隐身特性敏感性分析

针对翼面部件对隐身飞机气动和隐身性能影响更为突出的问题,提出了一种翼型前缘参数化修形方法,采用高精度气动和电磁数值计算方法,进行了前缘形状对翼型气动-隐身特性的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:翼型前缘半径增加,其最大升力系数、失速迎角、最大升阻比显著增加,但其前向RCS均值也增加明显,设计时需进行综合权衡;在不影响结构和装载的情况下,下表面偏角尽量小,修形长度取0.15c,对翼型的低、高速气动和隐身特性都有利。     

POD方法在风洞试验二维速度场分析中的应用

针对风洞试验二维速度流场,构建了正交分解与流场重构的数学模型。通过对鼓包背风面PIV瞬时速度流场进行分解,发现阶数越低的模态对原始流场的能量贡献率越大,代表了流场中的低频、大尺度流动结构;反之,阶数越高的模态对原始流场的能量贡献率越小,代表了流场中的高频、小尺度流场结构等信息。通过对流场进行低维重构,发现前4阶重构流场几乎不受一些小尺度旋涡的影响,很清晰地显示了流场的主要结构。     

S形进气道锤击波荷载特性分析

利用基于改进的延迟分离涡模拟（IDDES）方法,对亚声速和超声速来流条件下某S形模型进气道进行了非定常计算,研究了发动机喘振所产生的瞬时高压波形对锤击波传播规律的影响.结果表明:锤击波产生后沿进气道迅速向前传播,运动过程中锤击波的运动速度基本保持不变,但强度不断增强.同时受气流离心力的影响,S形进气道弯曲段半径较大一侧壁面受到的锤击波气动荷载值更大.发动机喘振所产生的瞬时高压的加载梯度增加使得锤击波传播速度及强度增强,而压力卸载方式对锤击波强度的影响不明显.在亚声速和超声速来流条件下,增加瞬时高压峰值均使得锤击波荷载强度显著增强,并近似符合二次函数分布规律,而且超声速来流条件下锤击波强度较亚声速来流更强.      

基于响应面法的短距/垂直起降飞机近地面升力损失

建立了短距/垂直起降(S/VTOL)飞机近地面升力损失的流场计算模型.通过数值模拟得出特定升力布局的飞机近地面状态各工况的升力损失.采用响应面法获得了飞机升力损失关于喷管落压比（NPR）、来流速度及飞机高度的2阶响应曲面函数及显著影响飞机升力损失的关键因素.并分析了喷管落压比、来流速度及飞机高度对飞机升力损失的交互影响作用,优化得出给定工况范围内升力损失最小的工作点.研究表明:仅考虑单因素影响时,升力损失随高度、落压比的增大而减小,随来流速度的增大而增大;考虑两因素交互作用时,高度与落压比及来流速度与落压比对升力损失存在交互影响,而高度与来流速度对升力损失无交互影响;优化获得的升力损失最小的工作点是飞机距地面高度为9D（D为喷管直径）、喷飞机高度为3、来流速度为0m/s,此时的升力损失为1.3%.