一种减少失速保护虚警率的混合滤波方法

针对飞机失速保护设计过程中易出现虚警的情况,提出一种基于FIR和传统滤波器相结合的混合滤波方法。结合飞机本体的运动特征,对参与失速保护逻辑运算的两个重要参数,即侧向加速度和迎角信号进行频率分析,基于信号的特征设计混合滤波器,然后采用Simulink滤波工具箱设计滤波器对信号进行滤波处理。仿真结果表明该方法能够减少虚警率的发生,特别是大背景噪声下的虚警率能够得到较好抑制,验证了滤波器设计正确性,从而提高失速保护功能对适航条款符合性。该滤波器设计方法,不但可以有效解决本文提到的问题,对于其他涉及信号处理的系统设计同样具有借鉴意义。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

分布递阶式计算机管理与控制综合系统的研究

论述了计算机管理系统与控制系统在信息处理过程中的内在统一性,给出了计算机管理与控制综合系统的集成框架,提出了综合系统的分布递阶式结构方案,以及分布式结构中信息流通的实现策略。从方法论的角度阐明了控制过程自动化的实现途径。     

球面收敛二元矢量喷管气动及红外特性研究:模拟地面状态

采用数值模拟方法对涡扇发动机排气系统球面收敛二元矢量喷管的气动和红外辐射特性进行了研究,研究仅针对地面状态和俯仰偏转.结果表明:俯仰偏转角在小于20°范围内,俯仰偏转对排气系统推力系数和总压恢复系数的影响微弱,气动推力矢量角与俯仰偏转角几乎相等;由于气体的容积性热辐射特征,喷管俯仰偏转角的变化引起高温喷流红外辐射的方向性变化明显,喷管俯仰偏转时的热喷流在3~5μm波段红外辐射呈现一定幅度的增加;排气系统在3~5μm波段的红外辐射峰值随俯仰偏转角的增加而趋于减小,其出现位置小于俯仰偏转角;在大的俯仰偏转角下,排气系统在垂直探测平面上方的红外辐射较无矢量偏转情形有所降低,但在探测面下方却有明显的增强,导致另一个峰值的出现.      

S形进气道锤击波荷载特性分析

利用基于改进的延迟分离涡模拟（IDDES）方法,对亚声速和超声速来流条件下某S形模型进气道进行了非定常计算,研究了发动机喘振所产生的瞬时高压波形对锤击波传播规律的影响.结果表明:锤击波产生后沿进气道迅速向前传播,运动过程中锤击波的运动速度基本保持不变,但强度不断增强.同时受气流离心力的影响,S形进气道弯曲段半径较大一侧壁面受到的锤击波气动荷载值更大.发动机喘振所产生的瞬时高压的加载梯度增加使得锤击波传播速度及强度增强,而压力卸载方式对锤击波强度的影响不明显.在亚声速和超声速来流条件下,增加瞬时高压峰值均使得锤击波荷载强度显著增强,并近似符合二次函数分布规律,而且超声速来流条件下锤击波强度较亚声速来流更强.      

基于响应面法的短距/垂直起降飞机近地面升力损失

建立了短距/垂直起降(S/VTOL)飞机近地面升力损失的流场计算模型.通过数值模拟得出特定升力布局的飞机近地面状态各工况的升力损失.采用响应面法获得了飞机升力损失关于喷管落压比（NPR）、来流速度及飞机高度的2阶响应曲面函数及显著影响飞机升力损失的关键因素.并分析了喷管落压比、来流速度及飞机高度对飞机升力损失的交互影响作用,优化得出给定工况范围内升力损失最小的工作点.研究表明:仅考虑单因素影响时,升力损失随高度、落压比的增大而减小,随来流速度的增大而增大;考虑两因素交互作用时,高度与落压比及来流速度与落压比对升力损失存在交互影响,而高度与来流速度对升力损失无交互影响;优化获得的升力损失最小的工作点是飞机距地面高度为9D（D为喷管直径）、喷飞机高度为3、来流速度为0m/s,此时的升力损失为1.3%.      

平衡风速下十字形伞弹系统姿态摆动分析

以一定高度和速度飞行的母弹从其伞弹舱中抛撒伞弹系统群,各个伞弹系统的姿态摆动情况将影响其落点及落角,进而影响其作战效能。采用立式风洞试验和非定常数值仿真(CFD),分析平衡风速下十字形伞弹系统的姿态摆动情况。通过立式风洞试验,可确定柔性伞的外形、伞弹系统的阻力系数和摆动频率,并创新"拉拽式"试验模型的约束方法;采用基于三维N-S方程的CFX软件,进行伞弹系统非定常数值仿真,分析其摆动机理。结果表明:数值仿真得到的阻力系数、法向力系数、侧向力系数及其摆动频率,均与风洞试验结果相吻合,即数值仿真结果能够反映风洞试验中伞弹系统的摆动情况;伞弹系统的流场极不稳定,伞衣内部有一对方向相反、强度交替变化的旋涡,伞衣外部存在不稳定分离流动,二者相互关联,使得气动参数呈周期性波动,导致伞弹系统的姿态摆动。     

一种超声速状态下机载推进系统模型的建模方法

为了满足机载航空推进系统模型对精度、实时性及数据存储量的苛刻要求,提出了一种机载模型建模方法.对传统的机载稳态模型建立过程中使用的相似准则进行了充分讨论,得出了一种具备更高建模精度的相似准则.在新的相似准则基础上,建立了包含泰勒展开式中非线性2阶项的高精度稳态变量模型,有效解决了分段线性稳态变量模型在大包线、变状态条件下精度难以保证的问题;为了解决超声速状态下安装推力与发动机净推力差别较大的问题,建立了考虑外流特性的简化进气道模型,给出了一种计算安装推力的方法,即由简化发动机模型计算安装推力中符合相似准则的部分,由进气道模型计算溢流阻力、放气阻力及发动机推力中不符合相似准则的部分.仿真结果表明:基于新的相似准则所建立的机载模型具有大包线、变状态适应性,输出参数误差均在0.5%以内.      

考虑流固耦合作用的一维供应管路-喷嘴系统动力学特性

为了更加深入地研究供应管路-喷嘴系统的动态特性,在喷嘴动力学理论的基础上,建立了考虑供应管路流固耦合作用的传递矩阵组合计算模型。针对三种典型液体火箭发动机喷嘴与一维供应管路组成的系统,开展了两端固定边界的系统动力学特性数值模拟。结果表明:管路结构谐振与管内流体谐振所导致的喷嘴出口位置流体速度振荡量级相当,管路流固耦合作用对系统动态特性的影响不能忽略;管路结构谐振是造成其固定位置应力的频率响应幅值较高的主要因素;当流体与结构的谐振频率接近时,会产生一个大带宽、高幅值的应力耦合振荡区间,随着管壁厚度的增大,耦合振荡的带宽也随之增大;对于文中算例,流固耦合作用对流体谐振造成的系统振荡具有约5%的降频作用。