面向高速切削加工的数控编程技术

分析高速切削加工所具有的特殊性及优点,并说明高速切削对数控编程方法的限制.针对传统编程方法,提出了满足高速切削加工的刀位轨迹特殊处理关键技术,并对其实现方法进行了较详尽的论述.同时,对高速切削数控编程中刀具载荷分析与速率优化、毛坯残留量自动分析等新技术的实现方法也进行了探讨.     

Identification method for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom

A comprehensive method based on system identification theory for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom is developed. A fully parameterized rotor flapping equation for identification purpose is derived without using any theoretical model, so the confidence of the identified model is increased, and then the 6 degrees of freedom rigid body model is extended to 9 degrees of freedom high-order model. Bode sensitivity function is derived to increase the accuracy of frequency spectra calculation which influences the accuracy of model parameter identification. Then a frequency domain identification algorithm is established. Acceleration technique is developed furthermore to increase calculation efficiency, and the total identification time is reduced by more than 50% using this technique. A comprehensive two-step method is established for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification which increases the numerical stability of model identification compared with single step algorithm. Application of the developed method to identify the flight dynamics model of BO 105 helicopter based on flight test data is implemented. A comparative study between the high-order model and rigid body model is performed at last. The results show that the developed method can be used for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification with high accuracy as well as efficiency, and the advantage of identified high-order model is very obvious compared with low-order model.     

高超声速飞行器气动布局和轨道优化研究(英文)

提出了高超声速飞行器参数化模型,并在此基础上通过快速、高效的工程方法开展了初步的气动力计算。以类HTV-2布局为对象,开展了以升阻比和容积率为设计目标的气动布局优化研究;以类X-37布局为对象,开展了以航程和驻点总加热量为设计目标的弹道优化设计。采用加权求和的方法求解多目标优化问题。研究表明,通过优化可获得设计目标权重取不同值时的优化结果,各优化结果具有明显的不同,具体将哪一个优化结果作为最终的选择,主要依赖于设计者的需求。     

基于左手材料的翼面隐身结构设计及优化

翼面隐身结构能同时满足飞行器机翼气动、结构和隐身的要求,但在空间有限的机翼中应用时,由于结构特点使其隐身效果受到限制。为了解决该问题,在传统隐身结构中加入左手材料(LHM)进行改进。首先选取一种典型的LHM,从隐身设计角度出发,利用其雷达散射截面(RCS)计算不同入射角度下的后向吸收率,对其电磁特性进行研究。然后根据LHM的电磁特性,将其应用于翼面隐身结构,在相同的RCS减缩效果下,应用LHM可有效降低隐身结构体积。最后,为了进一步提高隐身效果,提出一种夹芯型LHM翼面隐身结构,并对该隐身结构中的结构参数利用代理模型进行优化。研究结果表明,相较金属翼面段RCS降低了15dB以上,较相同结构的翼面隐身结构RCS降低了10dB以上。     

基于偏相关性分析的多设计要求快速优化设计方法

针对飞行器气动外形优化设计中的多设计点、多目标、多工程约束等多设计要求问题,提出了一种新优化设计方法———多设计要求快速优化设计方法。该方法立足于统计学中的偏相关性分析和线性回归理论,通过对设计变量和设计要求进行偏相关性分析,采用线性回归的方法构建设计变量与设计要求之间的转换模型,将多个设计要求转化为对设计变量的约束,从而简化了优化设计模型,减少了优化过程中调用求解器次数,提高了优化效率。利用该方法对RAE 2822和HSNLF(1)-0213翼型进行了多设计要求优化设计算例验证,并将优化结果与Pareto多目标优化方法结果进行对比,结果证明了本文方法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于滚动时域算法的航班滑行路径优化模型

为了提高机场场面运行效率和机场空侧容量,亟需采取积极的手段对滑行路径进行优化。根据滑行路径规划的问题属性,选取离场航班为研究对象,建立了以滑行时间最短为目标函数的无冲突滑行路径优化模型,并设计了基于滚动时域与混合整数线性规划(MILP)相结合的迭代算法;将滑行路径优化模型植入空域管理与评估系统(ACES)的空侧容量评估系统中,以杭州萧山国际机场场面数据为例,对不同策略下的航班滑行时间、容量评估结果及路径更改次数进行了比较分析,验证了模型的准确性,通过比较MILP与新算法下的计算时间验证了算法的高效性。     

基于人工蜂群算法与NURBS的吸附式叶型优化设计

为提高轴流压气机吸附式叶型优化设计的质量,设计了一套基于人工蜂群(ABC)算法和非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)的自动优化设计系统.对人工蜂群算法的运行机制进行了深入分析,并与目前广泛使用的遗传算法(GA)进行了对比.对比发现人工蜂群算法可以更好地逼近全局最优值且收敛效率提高50%.使用NURBS对叶型进行参数化,并研究了参数化过程中的畸变问题.将抽吸参数与叶栅参数同时作为优化变量,使用该系统对一吸附式叶栅进行了优化.结果显示:抽吸槽设置在58.44%轴向弦长位置处流动损失下降明显,与优化前未抽吸叶型相比流动损失降低64.8%,气流分离得到有效抑制.     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.