Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

大攻角状态压气机分离流及叶片动力响应特性

为研究大攻角状态压气机转子内部分离区的脱落和传播过程及转子叶片对其动力响应问题,对某跨声速压气机级进行了非定常数值模拟和双向迭代流固耦合数值模拟。研究结果表明,在近失速状态,转子叶片通道内会周期性地发生2次叶背分离区的脱落和传播现象。第1个分离区主要表现出轴向传播特性,其会对下游流场产生影响;第2个分离区主要表现出周向传播特性,其会作用于周向相邻的转子叶片,对转子叶排自身产生激励作用,进而影响叶片表面压力分布,引起叶片较强的动力响应,对叶片结构强度的影响不可忽略。非定常/流固耦合计算手段能够较全面地预测流场中激励源的频率、幅值与位置等,在压气机设计阶段应对此类预测工作予以重视,以期更准确地预测叶片共振及动力响应等问题。     

射流对高超声速进气道起动性能的影响

为探索利用射流技术降低进气道起动马赫数的可行性,对二元高超声速进气道二维流场进行了数值模拟,通过对比不同工况的流场结构、流量系数及总压恢复系数,分析了射流对高超声速进气道的作用效果,并研究了射流速度、压强及倾角对进气道起动性能的影响。分析结果表明:施加射流,激波与进气道边界层原有干扰形式发生改变,是降低进气道起动马赫数的主要原因。研究还表明,增大射流速度利于提高控制效果,但持续增大射流速度,会造成隔离段反压升高,并且这一现象与射流压强相关,降低射流压强能使进气道起动的射流速度区间扩大,同时在不同射流倾角下,上述规律表现一致。该研究揭示了进气道起动能力随射流参数变化的系统性规律,可用于指导工程设计及优化。     

航空电子AFDX与AVB传输实时性抗干扰对比

为满足未来航电系统音视频信息传输的需求,考虑车载嵌入式系统的候选实时多媒体网络AVB在航电环境中的应用,并对AVB与AFDX的传输进行了对比研究。首先构建AVB与AFDX标准对比;其次提出基于网络演算的AVB和AFDX端到端延迟计算方法;然后通过定义不同的消息传输场景,采用理论方法分析消息传输实时性的干扰要素;最后利用仿真方法予以验证。在典型1 000条虚拟链路的组网规模下,结果显示:AFDX高优先级流量的端到端延迟优于AVB,对于低优先级流量端到端延迟,则AVB和AFDX各有优劣;但受突发的流量影响,在增加50条各0.22 Mbit/s带宽的低优先级流量干扰情况下,高优先级流量平均端到端延迟的变化率在AVB中为0.25%,在AFDX中为0.38%;在增加50条各0.22 Mbit/s带宽的高优先级流量干扰情况下,低优先级流量平均端到端延迟的变化率在AVB中为5.17%,在AFDX中为10.25%。结果表明:时间敏感消息在AVB网络中传输实时性的抗干扰能力优于AFDX。     

民用飞机后缘襟翼机构设计仿真计算研究

研究了民用飞机后缘襟翼运动机构,并对几种常见的机构形式进行了对比分析。重点研究连杆滑轨机构,它具有驱动力矩小和襟翼扭转力矩小的特点,并且在飞机起飞时襟翼偏角小,同时有较大的富勒运动。根据连杆滑轨机构的特点和机构学理论,建立数学仿真计算模型,并用C++编写了计算仿真软件。文中针对某飞机后缘襟翼参数,通过计算仿真软件计算出襟翼偏角与富勒运动量、缝隙之间的关系以及驱动角与襟翼偏角、富勒运动量、缝隙之间的关系,取得良好结果,证明了该方法的可行性。     

一种新的在线/离线门限签名方案

基于门限签名算法和变色龙哈希函数,提出了一种新的在线/离线门限签名方案,其安全性完全基于离散对数假设。该方案能容忍tn/3个恶意会员,并在标准模型中证明该方案是安全的。     

空调系统冷热源性能的评价

以西安市某办公大楼为例,借助软件DeST对该大楼供冷季和供暖季的空调动态负荷进行计算的基础上,根据目前冷热源配置状况的调查和该建筑空调负荷的特点,以及能源结构,充分考虑节能,提出了三种具有代表性的技术上比较合理的冷热源组合方案。通过比较各方案的一次能源利用率和能源转换方式的能耗指标,综合评价了各方案的节能潜力。     

Onboard orbit determination using GPS observations based on the unscented Kalman filter

Spaceborne GPS receivers are used for real-time navigation by most low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In general, the position and velocity accuracy of GPS navigation solutions without a dynamic filter are 25 m (1σ) and 0.5 m/s (1σ), respectively. However, GPS navigation solutions, which consist of position, velocity, and GPS receiver clock bias, have many abnormal excursions from the normal error range for space operation. These excursions lessen the accuracy of attitude control and onboard time synchronization. In this research, a new onboard orbit determination algorithm designed with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was developed to improve the performance. Because the UKF is able to obtain the posterior mean and covariance accurately by using the second-order Taylor series expansion through the sampled sigma points that are propagated by using the true nonlinear system, its performance can be better than that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which uses the linearized state transition matrix to predict the covariance. The dynamic models for orbit propagation applied perturbations due to the 40 × 40 geo-potential, the gravity of the Sun and Moon, solar radiation pressure, and atmospheric drag. The 7(8)th-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration was applied for orbit propagation. Two types of observations, navigation solutions and C/A code pseudorange, can be used at the user’s discretion. The performances of the onboard orbit determination were verified using real GPS data of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites. The results of the orbit determination were compared with the precision orbit ephemeris (POE) of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites.     

斜拉索风雨振动及制振措施的风洞试验研究

采用全尺寸节段模型,进行了3种不同直径光面索的风雨振动风洞试验,并在各自雨振发生的临界风速、姿态及雨量条件下,和表面附加螺旋肋条及压花后的模型,进行了对比试验,且考察了不同阻尼条件下模型的振动特性,由此探索出对抑制雨振效果较佳的斜拉索表面形式及合适的阻尼比。     

富氢/富氧燃气气-气喷嘴热试

针对全流量补燃循环发动机气-气燃烧关键技术,设计了以气动谐振点火器为点火装置的气氢/气氧富氧预燃室、气氢/气氧富氢预燃室和气-气喷嘴燃烧室,开展了同轴剪切喷嘴气-气燃烧试验研究。试验结果表明,试验方案设计合理,系统稳定可靠,气-气喷嘴燃烧效率最高达到97.2%。随氧喷注器压降增加,燃烧室壁面的热载荷增加,燃烧效率降低。