Adaptive finite-time backstepping control for attitude tracking of spacecraft based on rotation matrix

This paper investigates two finite-time controllers for attitude control of spacecraft based on rotation matrix by an adaptive backstepping method. Rotation matrix can overcome the draw- backs of unwinding which makes a spacecraft perform a large-angle maneuver when a small-angle maneuver in the opposite rotational direction is sufficient to achieve the objective, With the use of adaptive control, the first robust finite-time controller is continuous without a chattering phenom- enon. The second robust finite-time controller can compensate external disturbances with unknown bounds. Theoretical analysis shows that both controllers can make a spacecraft following a time-varying reference attitude signal in finite time and guarantee the stability of the overall closed-loop system. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

再入飞行器自动驾驶仪的自适应退步控制设计

自动驾驶仪设计的传统方法是基于分段线性化的增益规划法。近年来，以反馈线性化为基础的各种非线性控制技术得到了广泛的研究，文章基于一种不同于反馈线性化的退步控制思想，提出了一种新的非线性反馈自动驾驶仪设计方法，该方法考虑了系统输入的不确定性，采用了非线性在线优化方法保证舵偏与力矩之间更精确的映射，同时，通过引入自适应项以修正各种力矩偏差，利用这种方法，为再入飞行器设计了自动驾驶仪。仿真结果表明，提出的自适应退步控制方法是有效的，且设计过程简单，易于实现。     

导弹姿态控制系统最佳测试点的选取

以导弹姿态控制系统框图和信号流程为基础，确定了故障信息矩阵，通过分析测试点的加权值，用逐步分解矩阵的方法选出最佳测试点，确定最佳诊断步骤，达到了以最小测试点和最短时间来检测与隔离故障的目的     

基于自适应SRCKF的空间非合作目标实时轨道确定

针对天基测角对非合作目标跟踪定轨的动力学模型简化误差问题,提出一种基于非线性预测滤波和SRCKF(Square Root Cubature Kalman Filter,平方根容积Kalman滤波)的自适应滤波方法.采用考虑地球J2摄动影响的轨道动力学模型作为状态方程,在跟踪滤波过程中,用NPF(Nonlinear Predictive Filter,非线性预测滤波)对动力学模型进行实时修正,利用SRCKF对修正后的动力学模型进行状态估计.将该方法应用于高轨航天器对非合作低轨目标的实时测角定轨任务中,进行数字仿真,仿真结果证明,该方法相比传统的滤波方法具有更高的精度、更强的鲁棒性和稳定性.     

Long-wavelength lunar gravity field recovery from simulated orbit and inter-satellite tracking data

As has been demonstrated recently, inter-satellite Ka-band tracking data collected by the GRAIL (Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory) spacecraft have the potential to improve the resolution and accuracy of the lunar gravity field by several orders of magnitude compared to previous models. By means of a series of simulation studies, here we investigate the contribution of inter-satellite ranging for the recovery of the Moon’s gravitational features; the evaluation of results is made against findings from ground-based Doppler tracking. For this purpose we make use of classical dynamic orbit determination, supported by the analysis of satellite-to-satellite tracking observations. This study sheds particularly light on the influence of the angular distance between the two satellites, solar radiation modeling and the co-estimation of the lunar Love number k₂. The quality of the obtained results is assessed by gravity field power spectra, gravity anomalies and precision orbit determination. We expect our simulation results to be supportive for the processing of real GRAIL data.     

闭路制导下提高姿态控制精度方案研究

为满足闭路制导对姿态跟踪精度的要求 ,本报告提出了一种新的控制方案 ,即具有积分性质的姿态控制方案 ,对其进行了详细的理论分析 ,并在此方案基础上完成了某型号稳定性分析 ,进行了数学仿真试验验证 ,结果表明 ,在不损失原方案裕度的基础上 ,姿态偏差得到了有效控制     

运载火箭姿态控制稳定性多速率陀螺组合策略

针对运载火箭飞行姿态控制中采用多速率陀螺组合代替单速率陀螺的问题,提出了任意数量速率陀螺组合的斜率计算方法,方法适用于大型运载火箭一级飞行速率陀螺组合姿态控制方式。推导了组合斜率不确定度的计算公式,并将不确定度纳入组合系数矩阵的计算当中,从而给出了一套工程实用的多速率陀螺组合姿态控制弹性稳定性策略。利用工程实例说明了组合速率陀螺较单个陀螺的优势。多速率陀螺的使用降低了对全箭模态试验振型斜率选位和斜率测量精度的要求,可为未来运载火箭不开展全箭试验提供支撑。     

噪声振动环境中的仪器设备损伤研究

对噪声振动环境下的仪器电路板损伤进行了研究,以解释高噪声环境下某机箱电路板引脚断裂机理。应用噪声激励下激光测振技术、声传递试验方法、有限元分析动态响应分析技术,给出了元器件管脚动态应力分布,并根据S-N曲线对结构的寿命进行评估分析,理论分析所得出的失效模式及寿命时间和试验情况基本吻合。本文所探索的噪声激励下的电路板应力分析及寿命评估技术可以用来评估力学环境造成的仪器损伤,拓展了仪器可靠性评估途径,具有较高的工程应用价值和借鉴意义。     

A heuristic design method for attitude stabilization of magnetic actuated satellites

In this paper a heuristic design strategy for stabilizing the satellite attitude has been proposed. It is assumed that the satellite is actuated by a set of mutually perpendicular magnetic coils. Using well-known Lyapunov direct stability method it is shown that the proposed controller causes to a global asymptotic stable system for all near polar orbits. The design procedure is based on analyzing of the conceptual effects of magnetic coils on the satellite attitude motion. Considering these effects lead to some intuitive results which determine the global stabilizing control law. The performance and robustness of the designed controller against actuators saturation and quantization error have been verified using a real-time-hardware–software in-loop (RTHSIL) simulation results. These results show that the global stability can be achieved although some disturbances and restrictions exist. This stabilizing controller can be simply combined with a linear explicit model predictive controller (EMPC) to achieve a full three-axis control law.     

微小卫星鲁棒自适应姿态确定算法

基于磁强计测量的微小卫星姿态确定系统中,由于状态方程和测量方程均为轨道参数的函数,因此在轨道估计存在误差的情况下,标准的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法（ExtendedKalmanFilter,EKF）并不能获得姿态的最优解。针对轨道确定误差对姿态确定的影响,基于自适应滤波及鲁棒估计原理,提出了鲁棒自适应卡尔曼滤波（RobustAdaptiveKalman Filter,RAKF）算法。该算法通过构建合理的膨胀因子和自适应因子,自动调节观测噪声方差矩阵和一步预测方差矩阵的大小,从而改变旧有数据及观测信息在滤波中的权重,获得更合理的卡尔曼增益,使滤波器获得近似最优结果。基于标准卡尔曼滤波的稳定性理论,证明了若系统一致完全可控并且一致完全可观,该滤波器是一致渐近稳定的。数学仿真表明,与EKF相比,RAKF能够将欧拉角估计精度从0.3°提高到0.2°,从而证明了该算法的有效性。