Water Cherenkov detectors:MILAGRO

This paper discusses the properties of using the water Cherenkov technique to detect air showers in the few hundred GeV to 100 TeV energy range. The responses of a 6 m² 2 m deep water Cherenkov counter and that of a 6 m² 10cm thick scintillator-lead sandwich counter to air shower electrons and photons is described. The advantages of water Cherenkov detector is outlined. Its application to do VHE gamma ray astronomy is discussed with particular reference to the MILAGRO telescope currently under construction. Milagro, a water-Cherenkov detector to do gamma ray astronomy above 100 Gev, uses an existing pool 60m × 80m by 8m, located in the Jemez mountains near Los Alamos, NM. The threshold of the MILAGRO detector is comparable to atmospheric Cherenkov detectors, however it has several advantages over these optical detectors. MILAGRO can operate 24 hours a day in all weather conditions and it has an open aperture which allows it to view the entire northern sky every day. These capabilities allow for a systematic all-sky survey to be done for the first time at these energies. MILAGRO will measure the Crab spectrum with high significance over a wide energy range, it will detect and measure the spectra from AGN's such as MRK 421 and it will search for short duration bursts from GRBs and possibly evaporating PBHs.     

异步电动机的最小能量运行点

在异步电动机的一般数学模型基础之上，提出了本文使用的数学模型。和一般数学模型相比，此模型对异步电动机转子电阻的变化较不敏感。借助异步电动机的期望电磁转矩，推导出了参数化的状态运行点(定子电流和磁链在稳定状态下的值)一最小能量运行点，得到异步电动机的最小能量运行条件。     

关于厚薄板弯曲分析的内位移杂交元法

 本文通过引入单元内位移和优化处理的单元应力场,以计入剪切变形的板弯曲能量泛函为基础,导出适用于厚、薄板分析的四边形杂交应力元。内力场和内位移的合理选择避免了单元零能模式的出现、避免了解的剪切自锁现象。该优化单元显示了较好的通用性和收敛性。对关于剪切自锁的RCI判据提出了反例、说明了它的局限性。     

环氧基复合材料的混合模式分层

 采用混合模式弯曲试验研究了Ｔ３００／Ｍ１０和ＨＴＡ／６３７６两种复合材料静态和疲劳加载的分层断裂行为。在不同α／Ｌ比和混合模式比条件下加载,两种材料呈现脆性不稳定或脆性稳定的裂纹扩展。在疲劳加载中,裂纹扩展始终是稳定的。混合模式比对分层韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展速率和疲劳门槛值均有明显影响。     

氢燃料的特性与应用前景

本文论述了氢作为动力燃料的特性,介绍了氢能利用技术方面的概况。讨论了由烃燃料向氢燃料过渡的几种方式,目前氢燃料存在的问题以及氢能的应用前景。     

含非对称裂纹三维有限大体应力强度因子能量释放率方法的封闭解

 本文提出一种新的半工程半解析的方法,导出含非对称裂纹三维有限大体应力强度因子的封闭解。根据此方法,只需少量的机时,即可获得一系列结果。本方法及所得结果在工程上有实际应用价值。     

先进的变载吸能器

传统的定载吸能器以50百分位男性乘员满足95％生存率为条件设计，它不能为全体乘员提供保护，变载吸能器能够根据乘员重量而调节动作载荷，为全体乘员提供最合理的保护，同时可以大大降低吸能器的冲击行程。     

Topological defects and highest energy cosmic and gamma rays

In this paper we review the hypothesis that a substantial part of the cosmic ray flux observed above about 10¹⁹ eV may be produced by decaying or annihilating topological defects left over from phase transitions in the early universe at grand unification energy scales ( 10¹⁶ GeV). Possible signatures of cosmic ray producing defect models are discussed which could be tested experimentally in the near future. We thereby focus on model independent universal spectral properties of the predicted particle fluxes.     

五元素风帆的试验研究

用正交试验与系列试验相结合的方法,研究了五元素风帆的气动特性及其各参数之间的最佳配合问題。设计的4个五元素风帆,均是由3个固定小翼、2个活动小翼及上下两块制流板所组成,但小翼的形状及分布曲线不同。 通过风洞试验,得到了各个风帆攻角与两个活动小翼转角之间的最佳配合,并对各帆的气动特性作了比较。试验结果表明,在最佳配合状态下,4个帆的升力系数可分别达到2.64、2.87、2.69和2.08,均比常规帆有较大的增长;而且,只要打开活动小翼,就能释放大部分风能,从而保证船舶在大风中的安全,这些帆的结构并不复杂,是具有广泛应用前景的高效帆具。     

人工释能法求解线性代数方程组

本文建立求解线性代数方程组的人工释能法迭代格式,并给出该迭代格式收敛的充分必要条件和最佳释能时机,同时给出实现人工释能法的数值计算方法及其数值稳定性条件。