死亡是生命的必然归宿

本文根据物质系统演化的规律，平衡原理及熵理论，阐述了死亡是生命系统演化的必然归宿。     

空间碎片防护结构设计优化理论方法研究

航天器空间碎片防护结构设计优化在国际上属前沿课题，防护结构设计优化理论方法是其关键技术之一。在防护优化理论模型及其优化算法研究方面取得了突破性进展，建立了综合各类典型防护结构构型的统一的防护优化数学模型，提出了解决防护优化问题的几种算法：混合遗传算法，改进的差异演化算法和混合差异演化算法。最后采用航天器防护优化算例对防护优化理论方法进行了测试考核，优化结果表明了本文工作的可行性和有效性。     

用于棘轮变形预测的棘轮演化统一模型研究

 在大量单轴棘轮实验基础上,研究了均值、幅值、峰值和谷值应力对 304不锈钢的饱和棘轮应变的影响规律,首次提出了棘轮应力σ_r和棘轮门槛值σ_rth 的概念,建立了基于单参数控制的、用于饱和棘轮应变预测的 SRM饱和棘轮本构模型和用于独立循环应力工况下棘轮应变演化预测的 REM棘轮演化模型,并由此发展了全面描述任意循环应力工况下棘轮应变演化规律的 URM棘轮演化统一模型。抛物律模型 SRM和幂律模型 REM对实验数据拟合的相关系数均超过 0.98。URM建模容易,只需 4～ 6个试样的单轴棘轮实验数据。此外还讨论了获得 SRM本构模型的单试样实验法。     

数控展成电解加工的阴极结构及流场研究

介绍了应用数控展成电解在整体叶轮毛坯上开槽时的流场特点,讨论了阴极结构对加工间隙内流场的影响规律,并相应对阴极的结构设计提出了一些建议。     

数控展成电解磨削整体叶轮叶片的过切误差分析及解决方案

分析了平行直纹展成电解磨削整体叶轮叶片的过切误差,得到了过切误差计算公式,提出了用圆锥磨轮和组合式五轴联动数控方案来消除过切误差的方法。     

化学镀镍钨磷合金过程中的析氢行为和沉积机理

本文研究了化学镀镍钨磷合金过程中的析氢行为，发现总析氢量大于金属沉积的量，即产生氢气的法拉第电流大于金属沉积的法拉第电流。认为镍钨磷合金化学沉积的机理是镍、钨、磷、氢的竞争放电，且除金属沉积时伴随着等量的析氢外，氢也能单独析出。温度、pH值和亚磷酸根浓度对合金沉积速度和合金成分的影响表明，该体系能在很宽的工艺范围内获得光亮、均匀、结合力良好的镀层。用塔菲尔斜率分析法测量的合金沉积速度与重量法测得的相一致，说明电化学方法可以用于确定化学度的沉积速度。     

A constitutive model coupling damage and material anisotropy for wide stress triaxiality

A constitutive model that can describe the damage evolution of anisotropic metal sheets during the complex forming processes which experience wide stress triaxiality history is essential to accurately predict the deformation and rupture behaviors of the processes. In this study, a modified Lemaitre damage criterion which couples with the anisotropic Barlat 89 yield function is established. The effects of stress triaxiality, Lode parameter and shear stress on damage accumulation are considered in the constitutive model. The model is numerically implemented and applied to fracture prediction in tensile tests with different stress triaxialities and a complex deformation process with wide stress triaxiality history. The good consistency of predictions and experiments indicates that the modified Lemaitre damage model has excellent fracture prediction ability. Finally, the accuracy of the model is analyzed and discussed.     

A concept mission for the Stellar Population and Evolution with Cubesats (SPEC)

Binary or multiple stellar systems, constituting almost a third of the content of the Milky Way, represent a high priority astronomical target due to their repercussions on the stellar dynamical and evolutionary parameters. Moreover the spectral study of such class of stars allows to better constrain the evolutionary theories of the Galactic stellar populations. By resolving the members of stellar systems through photometric observations we are able to perform more detailed measurements to infer their mass. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of a cubesat based mission including an optical payload to directly optically discriminate the members of a selected sample of binary systems. The scientific targets, consisting 11?M class dwarf stars binary systems, have been extracted from the already studied Riaz catalogue. These subset has been selected considering the star distance, the members angular separation, and the distance from the Galactic plane (due to limit the background and foreground contamination). The satellite concept is based on a 6 unit Cubesat embedding some commercial off the shelf components and an ad hoc designed optical payload occupying almost 4 units. The optical configuration has been chosen in order to fit the angular resolution requirements, as derived from the target characteristics. Moreover, according to the optical analysis and the computed field of view some requirements on the attitude control system have been inferred and fulfilled by the component selection. The paper is organized as in the following: a brief scientific introduction is made; consequently the project is described with particular attention to the optical design and the standard sub-systems; finally the conclusions are drawn and the future perspectives are investigated.     

跨介质航行器波浪环境入水流场演变和运动特性研究

跨介质航行器是一种既可以在空中飞行又可以在水下潜航的新概念航行器,基于仿生学原理,提出一种通过改变外形实现水空介质跨越的航行器模型,通过入水试验装置和计算流体动力学方法,对航行器带攻角从空气到水的介质跨越过程进行了试验和数值仿真研究,得到了跨介质入水过程航行器的运动姿态和入水空泡形态,并通过数值仿真得到了航行器的升力、阻力、速度和加速度演化规律。同时基于数值模拟方法对有波浪情况和静水情况下航行器入水过程空泡演变以及运动特性进行对比。结果表明:提出的航行器构型在水中具有较好的姿态调整能力,波浪的有无和波高的不同都会对航行体入水运动特性造成影响。     

基于优化智能网络的发动机推力指令模型

针对航空发动机性能退化缓解控制中推力指令模型输入量有限问题,提出1种双智能网络串联的推力指令建模方法.其中子模型Ⅰ采用BP网络映射与推力密切相关的气路参数,其输出作为子模型Ⅱ的输入;子模型Ⅱ采用优化极端学习机(ELM)算法,输出为额定发动机推力,并以此推力为性能蜕化缓解控制指令.为了减小ELM网络规模,提高推力指令模型实时性,采用微分进化算法(DE)优化ELM初始网络参数.数字仿真验证表明:各飞行包线内推力指令模型预测值最大相对误差小于4‰,远优于单一神经网络最大8.17％和单一极端学习机最大14.5％的误差,模型推力指令计算时间仅需0.64ms,实时性好,验证了该推力指令模型的有效性.