SINS基于非线性量测的大失准角初始对准算法

针对陆用捷联惯导系统(SINS)大失准角初始对准问题,提出一种基于二阶非线性量测的二阶泰勒级数展开的初始对准算法。首先,将大失准角非线性对准问题,转化为具有线性系统方程和二阶非线性量测方程的滤波问题。然后,设计基于二阶非线性量测方程的二阶泰勒级数展开的滤波算法,可以在任意姿态和无初值条件下进行初始对准和参数估计。最后进行车载对准试验,结果表明,新算法可以在300s内完成实现大失准角初始对准,对准精度与传统分段对准算法相当。     

以冲压发动机为动力的飞行/推进综合控制

对以冲压发动机为动力的超声速飞行器进行了巡航状态下的纵向飞行/推进综合控制研究。建立了考虑系统干扰和传感器噪声的系统模型。为消除静差,使用积分型LQG方法进行了飞行/推进综合控制。仿真结果表明,所设计的飞行/推进综合控制器抑制了高度和速度通道之间的耦合,具有一定的抗噪声干扰能力。     

钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差研究

螺旋铣孔是航空航天领域新出现的制孔技术,其切削过程中会产生径向切削力,从而引起刀具变形并造成孔径偏差。针对该问题开展了钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差试验,分析了包括进给方向在内的不同加工参数对孔径偏差的影响规律;基于螺旋铣孔运动学原理对不同进给方向下的材料去除过程和径向切削力方向进行了研究,分析了不同进给方向下的孔径偏差变化规律及形成原因,并设计切削力试验进行了验证;通过分析不同加工参数下的未变形切屑形状及径向切削力变化情况,研究了各加工参数对孔径变化趋势的影响规律。研究结果表明,当进给方向为顺时针时,刀具受背离孔心的径向切削力的作用向孔径外侧发生挠曲变形,导致所加工孔径大于理论孔径;当进给方向为逆时针时则相反。进给速度和导程的增加将加剧孔径偏差,切削速度的增加则会减弱孔径偏差。     

Conceptual design of a hypervelocity asteroid intercept vehicle (HAIV) and its flight validation mission

An intercept mission with nuclear explosives is the most effective of the practical mitigation options against the impact threat of near-Earth objects (NEOs) with a short warning time (e.g., much less than 10 years). The existing penetrated subsurface nuclear explosion technology limits the intercept velocity to less than approximately 300 m/s. Consequently, an innovative concept of blending a hypervelocity kinetic impactor with a subsurface nuclear explosion has been developed for optimal penetration, fragmentation, and dispersion of the target NEO. A proposed hypervelocity asteroid intercept vehicle (HAIV) consists of a kinetic-impact leader spacecraft and a follower spacecraft carrying nuclear explosives. This paper describes the conceptual development and design of a baseline HAIV system and its flight validation mission architecture for three mission cost classifications (e.g., $500 M, $1 B, and $1.5 B).     

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

折流燃烧室间接点火过程研究

为了研究某折流燃烧室的间接点火过程,对三种不同初始火核位置的燃烧室进行大涡模拟计算,并结合燃烧室点火试验和性能试验进行验证。研究结果表明：折流燃烧室的主燃区可分为三个区域,分别是主回流区、横跨气流区以及次回流区;燃烧室点火成功的关键在于初始火炬进入次回流区;通过大涡模拟计算得到的贫油点火边界油气比与点火试验结果的绝对误差在0.004以内。     

旋流数对分层旋流流场影响的大涡模拟研究

为了深入理解分层旋流流场特征和燃烧稳定性,采用OpenFOAM对分层旋流燃烧器的冷态和燃烧流场进行了大涡模拟。研究了旋流数对分层旋流流场结构和非稳态特性的影响。采用Q准则显示了流场中的瞬时涡结构;利用功率谱分析了流场中的进动特征。结果表明：在冷态工况下,旋流对回流区的位置和大小影响较小。随着旋流数增大,出口气流受到旋流诱导的离心作用,流动发散,流场扩张角变大,流场下游出现二次回流区。平均流场的三维流线与螺旋涡在空间中均表现成正交关系,表明螺旋涡是由剪切层Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性产生。在燃烧工况下,随着旋流数增大,回流区的面积增大,平均温度分布不断沿径向扩张,火焰锋面脉动增强,涡旋发生破碎的位置明显向上游移动。     

大弯角开槽叶栅槽道位置与结构研究

为拓宽大弯角扩压叶栅可用攻角范围,优化叶片吸力面流动分离结构,本文以一大弯角叶栅为研究对象,对叶片采用压力面到吸力面打通的双“C”型槽道结构处理,在保持槽道长度及其他参数不变的条件下,设置85%、80%、75%、70%轴向弦长四个出口位置研究槽道出口位置对叶栅性能的影响。研究发现,特定攻角下,槽道出口位于吸力面角区分离线起始点之后、尾缘分离线之前,对吸力面流动分离的控制效果较佳;在全攻角范围,槽道出口则取在0o攻角对应较佳出口位置为好。为减小槽道内总压损失,本文提出了一种“SC”型槽道改进结构,在80%轴向弦长槽道出口位置处与双“C”型槽道以及原型叶栅进行对比。结果表明,“SC”型槽道结构相比于双“C”型槽道结构,叶栅尾迹损失及槽道内总压损失减少,槽道出口射流速度提高,叶片尾缘处静压升高;相比于原型叶栅则能有效降低其在全攻角范围内的总压损失,基本消除叶片吸力面附面层分离,削弱角区分离,提高叶栅的扩压能力。     

基于石墨烯膜的光纤Fabry-Perot腔干涉特性分析

针对以新型材料石墨烯为膜片的光纤法珀压力传感器,应用圆薄膜大挠度弹性理论,利用有限元法分析了均布载荷下石墨烯膜的挠度形变;并基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪原理,建立了光纤Fabry-Perot腔压力传感的数学模型.根据石墨烯膜折射率特性,分析了层数、入射光角度等参数对石墨烯膜反射率的影响,获取了腔长损耗以及薄膜挠度形变导致腔长变化而引起的干涉光谱变化规律.仿真结果表明,增加薄膜层数可提高反射率、改善干涉性能;但随着载荷增加,其对挠度形变的影响表现为反向递减效应.8层石墨烯薄膜可获得0.715%的反射率,且当腔长为40μm时,直径25μm薄膜的理论压力灵敏度约为10nm/kPa.这为基于多层石墨烯的膜片式光纤压力传感器的设计提供了理论依据.