Comprehensive outage compensation of real-time orbit and clock corrections with broadcast ephemeris for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

The main challenge in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is that the data outages or large time lags in receiving precise orbit and clock corrections greatly degrade the continuity and real-time performance of PPP positioning. To solve this problem, instead of directly predicting orbit and clock corrections in previous researches, this paper presents an alternative approach of generating combined corrections including orbit error, satellite clock and receiver-related error with broadcast ephemeris. Using ambiguities and satellite fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) of previous epoch and the short-term predicted tropospheric delay through linear extrapolation model (LEM), combined corrections at current epoch are retrieved and weighted with multiple reference stations, and further broadcast to user for continuous enhanced positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections. To validate the proposed method, two reference station network with different inter-station distance from National Geodetic Survey (NGS) network are used for experiments with six different time lags (i.e., 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s), and one set of data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is also used. The performance of LEM is investigated, and the troposphere prediction accuracy of low elevation (e.g., 10–20degrees) satellites has been improved by 44.1% to 79.0%. The average accuracy of combined corrections before and after LEM is used is improved by 12.5% to 77.3%. Without LEM, an accuracy of 2–3 cm can be maintained only in case of small time lags, while the accuracies with LEM are all better than 2 cm in case of different time lags. The performance of simulated kinematic PPP at user end is assessed in terms of positioning accuracy and epoch fix rate. In case of different time lags, after LEM is used, the average accuracy in horizontal direction is better than 3 cm, and the accuracy in up direction is better than 5 cm. At the same time, the epoch fix rate has also increased to varying degrees. The results of the UAV data show that in real kinematic environment, the proposed method can still maintain a positioning accuracy of several centimeters in case of 20 s time lag.     

三元流叶轮的电弧铣削与机械铣削组合加工

首先介绍了一种实现电弧与铣削组合的加工方法及装备。其次,为验证电弧加工在航空部件生产方面的能力及其对后续精加工工艺的友好性,利用自研的高速电弧放电与机械铣削组合加工专用机床,以具有复杂曲面特征的三元流叶轮样件为例进行五轴电弧铣削与机械铣削组合加工试验研究。结果表明,合理安排电弧加工工序,可以在实现材料高效去除的同时,取得较优的表面质量,电弧铣削中最大材料去除率达14500mm^3/min,小能量电弧加工完成后的样件表面粗糙度R_a为12.5μm,硬度为69.4HRB,较基体硬度未有明显变化,可以很好地适应切削加工要求。后续机械铣削加工过程中,刀具磨损小、加工状态稳定,最终获得粗糙度R_a1.2μm的加工表面,且由于切削余量小,有效抑制了加工变形,样件加工结果达到设计要求,充分展现了该组合加工工艺应用于具有复杂形貌特征的航空发动机零部件制造方面的可行性。     

先进战斗机强度设计技术发展与实践

新一代先进战斗机对机体平台的要求可以总结为轻重量、长寿命、多功能以及高承载。实现这个目标,除了材料与制造（新材料、新工艺、新结构/装配）的贡献,主机所强度设计/分析/验证技术也必须提升以适应先进战斗机的研制要求。本文阐述了强度设计团队围绕结构完整性要求,近年来在结构强度设计/分析/验证方面的研究成果、技术发展与设计实践,主要包括：面向新一代战斗机强度设计与验证的规范架构,基于多维包线的结构载荷筛选技术,基于统一模型的全机内力分析技术,复合材料整体化结构分析技术,高精度快速细节应力分析技术,内埋武器舱预紧舱门原理与强度设计,双曲面加筋壁板快速建模及声疲劳分析方法,结构故障预测与健康管理系统设计等。上述研究成果已成功应用于新一代战斗机机体平台研制。     

不同螺旋桨滑流数值模拟方法对比研究

采用动量激励盘理论,求解准定常RANS方程,模拟螺旋桨滑流对飞机气动特性的影响。分别基于螺旋桨+中心体、螺旋桨+短舱、螺旋桨+短舱+翼身组合体构型的非定常流场模拟得到的桨叶载荷,建立三种不同的激励盘载荷。将三种载荷的流场模拟结果与全机非定常模拟的时间平均结果进行对比,可知三种不同激励盘载荷均能准确地模拟螺旋桨滑流的影响,因此,可以通过最简单的螺旋桨+中心体构型建立激励盘模型,用于螺旋桨滑流工程预测。     

联合载荷作用下精密角接触球轴承动态特性演变规律

基于滚动体与套圈之间相互作用与相对位置关系,考虑离心力、陀螺力矩等非线性因素影响,建立了精密角接触球轴承五自由度拟静力学分析模型,并基于逐步搜索法原理对轴承刚度计算模型进行优化,揭示了复杂联合载荷作用下精密角接触球轴承动态特性的演变规律。研究表明:轴向载荷在一定程度上减小轴承内外圈接触角差值,削弱由于转速增大引起的刚度软化现象;力矩载荷与径向载荷单独作用时,均导致轴承接触角、接触力波动幅度增大,沿载荷作用方向轴承刚度增大,垂直于载荷作用方向刚度减小;联合载荷作用下,力矩载荷能够抑制径向载荷引起的轴承内部载荷波动,提高轴承承载能力与使用寿命。      

Development cost prediction of general aviation aircraft using combined estimation technique

Obtaining accurate development cost estimation results of general aviation aircraft is crucial for companies to adopt the best strategy in the development process. To address this problem, this paper proposes a combination of three commonly used single prediction methods. The optimal weight values of the three single prediction methods are determined by utilizing the shortest ideal point method. Ten cost datasets collected from literature are utilized for fitting and testing the combined prediction method, and the weight coefficients of the three individual prediction methods are calculated as 0.6859, 0.0035 and 0.3106, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the developed method has better fitting and estimation accuracy than that of the three individual methods, with average fitting and predicting error values of 2.60% and 6.43%, respectively. Additionally, the cost data of military and civil aircraft development from literature are collected for verification. The results further confirm that the proposed method is not only superior to the single prediction methods in terms of high precision but has wider applications. More importantly, this research can provide important reference for general aviation aircraft companies in term of product cost planning and corporate sales strategies.     

制作微结构的超声复合加工机理

提出了制作微结构的超声复合加工方法,分析了超声、超声复合电火花、超声复合电解微细加工机理。用微细放电组合工艺制作了多种截形微细工具电极;完善试验系统,进行了多种材料、形状微结构超声复合加工试验。结果表明:超声加工是制作硬脆材料微结构的有效方法;超声复合电火花制作金属材料微结构有较好的精度及加工稳定性;超声复合电解加工兼有效率高、精度好的技术优势。     

主桨毂中央件疲劳试验技术研究

本文以某型机球柔性主桨毂中央件疲劳试验为对象,重点研究弹性轴承模拟、旋转载荷加载和调试等关键技术,介绍试验设计、试验过程和结果.     

面向包容性的航空发动机机匣研究综述

机匣作为航空发动机的关键部件,其包容性能是保障飞行安全的必要条件。针对机匣包容性问题,首先,简要介绍涉及包容性的机匣类别和结构形式;其次,从理论研究、仿真分析及试验测试等方面概述机匣的冲击响应、损伤机理和包容性能等,按机匣材料类别对包容性数值仿真研究进行分类介绍,简述机匣包容性试验方法及试验研究进展;最后,总结机匣包容性研究状况并从机匣工作条件、受载情况和优化设计角度对机匣包容性研究进行展望。     

大速度桨毂振动载荷预计的影响因素

依据直升机大速度前飞状态的气动环境和桨叶运动,分析了非定常气动力模型、动态失速模型、诱导速度分布、桨叶弹性变形、桨毂力合成以及数值计算方法对旋翼振动载荷预计的影响.将Leishman和Beddoes气动模型、动态入流理论和桨叶挥舞运动综合计入载荷模型中,采用状态空间法对方程进行离散化处理,编制了相应的计算程序.计算结果表明采用不同的分析模型对旋翼振动载荷预计有较大影响,翼型失速是主要影响因素.