飞机起落架滑行载荷识别

 在飞机滑行方向跑道路面不平度为平稳随机函数的假设下,采用滑行过程分段等速化、起落架动态特性分段线性化方法,把原非线性非平稳随机振动问题,简化为分段线性平稳随机振动问题。在频域中采用频响函数描述飞机动态特性,计及全机刚体平动和俯仰模态及结构前ｎ阶弹性模态,给出了从飞机重心处加速度观测值识别起落架接地点载荷自谱密度函数的方法。起落架当量线性参数采用迭代求解。算例表明,本方法和程序可行。     

碳纤维复合材料基体改性/铜网组合雷击防护性能的研究

传统碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）树脂基体导电性差易遭受雷击损伤,本文使用石墨烯-镀镍碳纤维粉作为导电填料,对树脂基体进行电导率改性,并在表面铺设铜网,进行模拟雷电流冲击试验,检验基体改性/铜网组合雷击防护效果。试验结果表明,树脂基体改性后CFRP层压板在0°、90°纤维方向及厚度方向电导率分别为1.1571×10⁴、1.0871×10⁴、204.2 S/m,分别提高1.54倍、1.16倍、433.47倍。200 kA模拟雷电流A波冲击下,无防护试件雷击附着后明火燃烧,次生效应持续,而单一铜网防护和组合防护则能抑制次生效应;无防护表面最大损伤直径14.62 cm,此能量下铜网被击穿,单一铜网防护表面最大损伤直径19.05 cm,而组合防护表面最大损伤直径8.93 cm,下降53.12%;相比无防护试件,单一铜网和组合防护内部损伤面积分别下降66.2%和96.7%。单一铜网击穿后,树脂烧蚀后产生汽化反冲,增大损伤铜网脱落面积;组合防护铜网击穿后,改性树脂迅速导走电流,减小铜网脱落和内部烧蚀面积。     

伪随机脉位调制与单极性伪码调相复合体制引信

伪码调相引信抗干扰能力较差，伪随机脉位调制与单极性伪码调相复合引信是伪码复合体制引信发展的一个重要方向，有必要对该体制引信进行研究。首先给出了伪随机脉位调制与单极性伪码调相复合引信的数学模型，得出了相应的模糊函数、绘制了模糊图的中心部分，接着设计了基于FPGA／CPLD的系统实现原理框图，论证了单极性伪码应用及二次混频法抑制多普勒频率两个关键技术的可行性，并简单介绍了数字相关的思想及其实施。研究表明，该体制引信有良好的整体性能和现实的工程应用前景。     

基于非线性静力学模型的飞机系留载荷计算方法研究

由于飞机在强风下系留时,机体承受各方向的载荷较大,因此需对系留结构及系留索是否具有足够的承载能力进行分析,而其中系留载荷的计算就显得异常重要。采用MSC．Nastran软件,针对飞机存系留情况下,系留索的单向承载性及起落架与地面的非线性接触特性,通过应用非线性间隙单元,建立了非线性静力仿真模型,并计算了飞机在系留状况下,各系留索承受的张力及各系留点所受的载荷,计算中同时考虑了起落架缓冲支柱空气弹簧力对于系留载荷的影响,从而为飞机系留载荷提供了一种新的有限元计算方法。     

一种用于飞机试验台的三分力传感器

多分力载荷传感器是一种常用的传感器,但通常当各分力的量程相差太大时难以取得良好的效果。提出了一种新型传感器结构形式,减少了各分力之间的耦合,使得在各分力量程不匹配的情况下亦可获得较高的测量精度。     

Gust response analysis and wind tunnel test for a high-aspect ratio wing

A theoretical nonlinear aeroelastic response analysis for a flexible high-aspect ratio wing excited by harmonic gust load is presented along with a companion wind tunnel test. A multidisci-plinary coupled numerical calculation is developed to simulate the flexible model wing undergoing gust load in the time domain via discrete nonlinear finite element structural dynamic analysis and nonplanar unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamic computation. A dynamic perturbation analysis about a nonlinear static equilibrium is also used to determine the small perturbation flutter bound-ary. A novel noncontact 3-D camera measurement analysis system is firstly used in the wind tunnel test to obtain the spatial large deformation and responses. The responses of the flexible wing under different static equilibrium states and frequency gust loads are discussed. The fair to good quanti-tative agreements between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the presented analysis method is an acceptable way to predict the geometrically nonlinear gust response for flex-ible wings.     

An error analysis and optimization method for combined measurement with binocular vision

The accurate measurement of surfaces of large aviation components is vital for the assessment of manufacturing and assembly quality of such components. To satisfy the measurement requirement of large-size components, most current researches pay more attention to combined measurement methods utilizing different measuring instruments, but the related researches on error analysis and optimization methods are not taken enough attention. This paper proposes a combined laser-assisted measurement method with feature enhancement techniques, and it also develops an error propagation model of the main factors affecting the overall measurement error in detail. Firstly, the surface of a large-size component is measured by the measurement system at multiple stations. Secondly, a control point coordinate system is established as a bridge to unify all local measurement data into the global coordinate system. To improve the overall measurement accuracy, the pixel extraction error as a key factor causing the overall measurement error is analyzed in detail. Next, the error propagation model is established, and some optimization strategies of layout for minimizing measurement error and transformation error are researched. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the measurement error of the proposed method reaches 0.073% and 0.14% with a 1D standard ruler and a flat plate, respectively.     

斜向弹性支撑飞船座椅缓冲性能

当出现具有较大水平速度的斜冲击着陆工况时,飞船座椅头盆向冲击过载可能危及航天员生命安全。在现有的胸背向着陆冲击过载缓冲机构的基础上,引入座椅斜向弹性支撑模型,建立了斜向弹性支撑座椅缓冲系统的动力学模型。对具有较大水平速度的斜冲击着陆工况的仿真结果表明,相比于现有的铰接支撑缓冲系统,适当参数组合下的斜向弹性支撑座椅缓冲系统能有效降低航天员头盆向冲击过载且不增加胸背向冲击过载;综合支撑角度、刚度和阻尼各个参数影响规律,可以得到优化的座椅设计方案。     

涡轮基组合动力与火箭的耦合特性分析及匹配优化设计

基于高斯伪谱航迹优化方法,建立了"火箭辅助型涡轮基组合动力"的飞行器/推进系统匹配分析方法,针对地面水平起降、以马赫数5巡航的高超声速飞行器,以巡航航程最远为目标,完成了涡轮基组合动力（TBCC）与火箭的耦合特性分析及匹配优化设计。研究结果表明：对于可行的TBCC方案（起飞推重比为1.0）,引入合适推力的火箭有助于提升加速爬升段的总效率并降低质量消耗,且对巡航航程有着一定的提升（4%起飞重量推力火箭可增加航程0.97%）;对于不可行的TBCC方案（起飞推重比为0.8）,引入火箭不仅可实现推进系统方案的收敛,且其巡航航程相比可行的TBCC方案最多可增加7.9%。考虑到TBCC较大的"死重"和较低的单位迎面推力对巡航性能的不利影响,结构质量占比为25%的巡航型飞行器建议采用"13%起飞重量推力火箭辅助起飞推重比为0.7的TBCC "推进系统。相比之下,结构质量占比为55%的加速型飞行器建议采用" 5%起飞重量推力火箭辅助起飞推重比为0.98的TBCC"推进系统。     

柔性起落架起转回弹载荷计算

传统的起落架载荷计算多采用刚体模型,难以分析结构的柔性对起落架地面载荷的影响。基于NAS-TRAN 软件与 ADAMS软件建立了柔性起落架的多体动力学模型,进行了落震仿真分析,研究了缓冲支柱的柔性对起落架地面载荷的影响,同时研究了轮胎与地面摩擦系数对起转回弹载荷的影响规律。分析结果表明,考虑起落架柔性的分析更接近落震试验的结果。同时对仿真计算载荷与规范计算载荷进行了比较分析,对在工程实践中如何进行起落架的柔性化动力学建模,以及如何确定起落架地面载荷给出了参考。