模型大迎角高速动态特性与数据精度分析

为满足新一代高机动飞机气动性能评估、控制系统精确设计与高机动作战指标实现的需求,模型高速风洞大迎角俯仰动态特性探索及其试验数据精度的确定势在必行,且具有十分重要的工程意义。选取70°三角翼模型、SDM和Su-27飞机模型,在FL-24风洞的大振幅俯仰动态试验技术平台上对动态气动特性与试验数据精度进行了研究,获取了70°三角翼模型、SDM和Su-27飞机模型动态气动特性与重复性试验结果。研究结果表明：试验条件下,3种模型的动态数据精度较高,基本达到了高速风洞大迎角常规测力试验数据的精度水平。     

马赫数可控的方转圆高超声速内收缩进气道试验研究

基于反正切马赫数分布的弥散反射激波中心体轴对称基准流场,设计了方转圆内收缩进气道,并对其进行自由射流试验和数值仿真,获得该类进气道设计点的工作特性。试验结果表明：进气道顶板压力分布具有反正切曲线特征,总体性能优良且出口涡流区较小,上述设计方法可行有效。设计点时出口总压恢复系数达到0.561,增压比为26.2,临界反压约为135倍来流静压,对应的总压恢复系数为0.210。当带4°攻角时,进气道出口增压比增加49.6%的同时总压恢复系数降低了17.5%。     

抽吸对方转圆内收缩进气道性能的影响

针对马赫数可控的方转圆内收缩进气道设计了抽吸方案,并通过风洞试验和数值仿真手段研究了其对进气道性能的影响,获得了进气道设计点的工作特性及自起动性能。试验结果验证了抽吸对提升内收缩进气道性能的有效性：在顶板下洗气流集中区域开槽减小了出口涡流区以及提高了抗反压能力,相对原型进气道,设计点（Ma=6.0）放气流量为0.99%的实际捕获流量时出口总压恢复系数提高了3.8%,临界反压从135倍来流静压提高到了150倍。此外,在顶板分离区开槽可以提高进气道的自起动能力,Ma=5.0,攻角AOA=4°时实现了自起动,此时放气流量为0.78%的进口捕获流量,起动后出口增压比和总压恢复系数分别为30.6和0.600。     

Design and implementation of rigid-flexible coupling for a half-flexible single jack nozzle

The aerodynamic design of a rigid-flexible coupling profile is the decisive factor for the flow-field quality of a supersonic free jet wind tunnel nozzle, and its mechanic dynamic features are the key for engineering implementation of continuous Mach number regulations. To fulfill the requirements of a free jet inlet/engine compatibility test within a wide simulation envelop, both uni-form flow-fields of continuous acceleration and deceleration are necessary. In this paper, the aero-dynamic design methods of an expansion wall and machinery implementation plan for the half-flexible single jack nozzle were researched. The profile control in nozzle flexible plate design was studied with a rigid-flexible coupling method. Design and calculations were performed with the help of numerical simulation. The technique of axial free stretching of the flexible plate was used to improve the matching performance between the designed elasticity profile and the theoretical one, and the rigid-flexible coupling structure was calibrated by wind tunnel tests. Results indicate that the flexible plate aerodynamic design method used here is effective and feasible. Via rigid-flexible coupling design, the flexible plate agrees with the rigid body very well, and continuous Mach number changes can be achieved during the tests. The nozzle’s exit flow-field uniformity meets the requirements of China Military Standard (GJB).     

2m量级高速风洞强迫振动动导数试验技术研究

为满足大型运输机、先进战斗机、推进与机体一体化布局等现代高性能飞行器动导数风洞试验研究的需求,基于小振幅强迫振动动导数试验原理,在中国空气动力研究与发展中心2 m 量级高速风洞(FL-26和 FL-28)建立了一套俯仰、滚转及偏航的三通道动导数试验技术。在试验系统研制过程中,首先采用强度高、刚性好的航空轻质铝材和复合材料解决了亚跨超声速条件下大尺度试验模型研制问题;其次,结合动力学和运动学仿真分析手段,实现并优化了大载荷试验装置传动机构设计以及α、β耦合双转轴支撑结构设计的难题;最后,在测控系统研制部分,通过电机选取、电磁干扰屏蔽、滤波器设计等技术手段进一步提高了测试系统的精度。试验系统设计技术指标Ma=0.4~4.25,迎角α=-35°~35°,侧滑角β=-15°~15°,传动机构法向承载载荷≤10000 N。SDM 标模的验证试验结果表明,直接阻尼导数与文献值一致性较好,重复性试验数据误差基本控制在10%以内。目前,该项试验技术已经成功应用于某大型飞机模型的动导数风洞试验。     

典型山体地貌下受山坡坡度影响的低矮房屋风荷载风洞试验研究

通过风洞实验对三种典型山体地貌中低矮房屋的风压分布规律进行了研究,并与无周边时的低矮房屋风压分布状况进行了对比,重点讨论了低矮房屋在0°风向角下,随山坡坡度变化时平均风压系数、体型系数的变化规律,进而分析了低矮房屋在0°~90°风向角下的平均风压系数的变化趋势。结果表明：低矮房屋的风压分布受山体的坡度影响较为明显,其中背风墙面较为显著;随着山坡坡度的增大,屋面的平均风压逐渐由负压变为正压,山坡坡度β=90°时,背风屋面体型系数相对无周边时增大250%;某些部位(迎风墙面中线、背风屋檐、迎风屋檐)等处测点出现绝对值较大的平均风压系数,应在设计时引起注意;测点在不同风向角下的平均风压系数与山体环境有很大关系,在考虑低矮房屋设计时,应取最不利风向角下的风荷载进行计算。     

CARDC 激波风洞 TSP 技术研究进展

从基本原理、关键技术和验证应用三个方面总结了近两年在中国空气动力研究与发展中心激波风洞中开展的温敏涂层(TSP)技术相关研究工作。通过解决快速响应温敏发光材料研制、模型研制、数据处理等一系列关键技术,完成图像采集系统、光学系统及标定系统的配套和系统集成,建立了一套适于激波风洞试验的高速 TSP 测量及标定系统。该技术可在激波风洞试验中获取模型被测面温敏涂层的发光图像,基于该图像可以直接观察模型表面热流分布和捕捉峰值热流的准确位置。结合温敏发光材料的物性参数标定数据,能够实现对模型表面热流的定量测量。不同于传统的传感器点热流测量技术只能得到模型表面有限数量的离散点的热流值,TSP 技术能够以高空间分辨率得到较大面积区域的详细热流分布信息,可更加全面的测量模型外表面的热环境,并且可以据此进一步分析和辨别边界层流态以及确定边界层转捩位置。试验对比表明,TSP 技术的测量结果与点热流传感器的测量结果具有良好的一致性。目前该技术已趋于成熟,在Φ2 m 和Φ0.6 m 激波风洞上成功应用于边界层转捩研究、局部干扰区热环境研究和复杂外形飞行器热环境研究等领域,已成为激波风洞除点测热技术之外又一重要测热技术。     

民用飞机反推装置气动特性分析与验证

为验证国内某型民用飞机所用的格栅式反推装置设计方案是否满足适航标准,采用风洞试验对反推装置启动后指定速度区间范围内的反推效率、重吸入现象及其对静压测量的干扰进行了评估。试验结果表明:该套装置的反推效率在速度使用区间内能够维持在40%的水平以上,高于当前平均水平;通过监控温度场基本可以排除发生重吸入现象的可能性;反推气流会改变局部的流场及压力分布,但不会对静压测量造成明显干扰。此外,CFD仿真的结果与风洞试验的结论相互印证,再次验证了该反推装置设计方案的合理性。     

Spatial variation of the supersonic thermal plasma flow downstream of the termination shock

In this paper we start from the most recently observed fact that the solar wind plasma after passage over the termination shock is still supersonic with a Mach number of about 2. To explain this unexpected phenomenon and to predict the evolution of properties of the downstream plasma flow we here consider a two-fluid proton plasma with pick-up protons as a separate suprathermal, second proton fluid. We then formulate a self-consistent system of hydrodynamical conservation equations coupling the two fluids by dynamical and thermodynamical coupling terms and taking into account the effects of newly incorporated protons due to charge exchange with the H-atoms in the heliosheath. This then allows us to predict that in the most probable case the solar wind protons will become subsonic over a distance of about 30 AU downstream of the shock. As we can also show, it may, however, happen that the plasma mixture later again reconverts to a supersonic signature and has to undergo a second shock before meeting the heliopause.     

A Revisit of the Phobos Events

The magnetic field disturbances detected by the Phobos-2 spacecraft in 1989 have been suggested to be caused by a ring of dust and/or gas emitted from the Martian moon, Phobos. The physical nature of these ``Phobos events' is examined using results from related investigations over the last twenty years. It is concluded that there is no clear evidence at present to support the association of magnetic field disturbances in the solar wind with Phobos. The situation will be further clarified taking advantage of the multi-spacecraft observations of the Yinghuo-1(YH-1), Mars Express and MAVEN missions beginning in 2012. It is expected that many novel features of solar wind interaction with Phobos (and possibly also Deimos) itself will also be revealed.