雷达视频地图的坐标变换

主要阐述了在雷达系统中所使用的雷达视频地图与地理点间的坐标变换问题。使用球极平面投影法,将地球上的点与线变换成平面上的点与线。     

非相干Rice杂波中的恒虚警检测

 地杂波的统计特性常常可以用Rice模型来描述,其物理基础是认为地杂波由一些大的固定散射体引起的稳定分量和大量小的随机分布的运动散射体引起的瑞利起伏分量所合成。文献[2]研究了稳定分量不相干时Rice杂波中离散时间最佳检测的估值器——相关器结构,但无显式解,实现有困难。文献[3]导出了Rice杂波中SwerlingⅡ目标的离散时间检测的似然比检测器结构。在此基础上,本文给出了一种修正平方律结构的似然比检测器,并和通常的平方律检测器作了性能比较。     

ESM对2D雷达引导性能分析

 对于由 ESM和雷达组成的多传感器系统,分析和推导了用 ESM对 2 D雷达成功引导的概率解析表示式,为求解成功引导概率提供了依据;研究了 ESM对 2 D雷达成功引导概率随一些特征参数的变化规律,并得出了 4个特性;在多种情况下进行了成功引导概率的数值计算,验证了成功引导概率的一些变化规律,并得出了一些有意义的结论,从而对研究和设计同地配置的 ESM对雷达引导系统具有一定的参考价值。     

基于图像奇异值描述的雷达目标识别方法

利用目标对常规雷达发射波形的调制效应，先对录取的回波数据进行预处理，把一维回波序列投影成二维灰度图像，然后提取这种图像的反映飞机目标不同机型(大、小)和不同架次的奇异值作为特征矢量，采用BP神经网络对目标进行分类识别试验，结果表明该方法是有效的，这为常规低分辨雷达空中目标识别提供了一种新方法。     

One-up on L1: Can X-rays provide longer advanced warning of solar wind flux enhancements than upstream monitors?

Observations of strong solar wind proton flux correlations with ROSAT X-ray rates along with high spectral resolution Chandra observations of X-rays from the dark Moon show that soft X-ray emission mirrors the behavior of the solar wind. In this paper, based on an analysis of an X-ray event observed by XMM-Newton resulting from charge exchange of high charge state solar wind ions and contemporaneous neutral solar wind data, we argue that X-ray observations may be able to provide reliable advance warning, perhaps by as much as half a day, of dramatic increases in solar wind flux at Earth. Like neutral atom imaging, this provides the capability to monitor the solar wind remotely rather than in situ.     

Forecasting of DST variations from polar cap indices using neural networks

The 15-min averaged polar cap (PC) index was used as an input parameter for the Dst variation forecasting. The PC index is known to describe well the principal features of the solar wind as well as the total energy input to the magnetosphere. This allowed us to design a neural network able to forecast the Dst variations from 1 to 4 h ahead. 1998 PC and Dst data sets were used for training and testing and 1997 data sets was used for validation proposes. From the 15 moderate and strong geomagnetic storms observed during 1997, nine were successfully forecasted. In three cases the observed minimum Dst value was less than the predicted one, and only in three cases the neural network was not able to reproduce the features of the geomagnetic storm.     

Tomographic determination of the spatial distribution of water vapor using GPS observations

With the advent of the GPS navigation system, a promising ground based technique has been introduced which makes it possible to estimate the amount of water vapor in the troposphere from operational GPS networks at relatively low additional costs. While the estimation of the integrated amount is currently well established, the determination of the spatial water vapor distribution and its temporal variation are still a major challenge. To account for the vertical resolution, several tomographic approaches were pursued. We developed the software package AWATOS (atmospheric water vapor tomography software) which is based on the assimilation of double differenced GPS observations. Applying a least-squares inversion, the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of water vapor is determined. An extensive investigation has been carried out in Switzerland. GPS measurements are performed by the dense permanent Swiss national GPS network AGNES of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo). A total of 40 equally distributed water vapor profiles have been estimated on an hourly basis. For the purpose of validation, 22 radiosonde profiles were used at the GPS and meteorological station Payerne. Furthermore, data of the numerical weather model aLMo (alpine model in Switzerland, MeteoSwiss) were compared with the tomographic results. An overall good agreement of the three methods with an rms of better than 1.6 g/m³ absolute humidity was achieved. The results show that AGNES can be used as a dedicated network for the purpose of GPS-tomography, using a horizontal resolution of approximately 50 km and height layers of 300–500 m thickness in the lower troposphere.     

Space weather in Japan

In Japan, Communications Research Laboratory engages in operational space environment information services as National Forecasting Center and Regional Warning Center of ISES. Data from local observations and data collected via internet from domestic and foreign institutes are used for the daily operational forecast. Fundamental research on space weather issues has been carried out at several institutes and universities, including STE Laboratory and NASDA. In this presentation, an overview of current space weather forecast operations and a system for information outreach in Japan will be presented. Current and future observation programs from ground-base and space will be also briefly reviewed.     

构架式可展开网状抛物面天线反射器设计和分析

介绍了一种构架式网状可展开抛物面天线 ,它具有展缩比大 ,质量轻和频段宽等特点 ,可用作小卫星合成孔径雷达天线和其它S、L频段星载通信天线。设计天线的展开尺寸为 2 8m× 6m ,工作在S频段 ,带宽大于 10 0MHz。介绍了天线反射器的结构总体方案和关键部件的结构设计 ,同时对反射器的形面精度、热变形以及刚度等指标进行了分析计算。初步试验结果表明 ,设计方案合理可行     

武装直升飞机雷达散射截面的估算方法

讨论了在预告不知道武装直升飞机详细外形数据的情况下，根据三视图及少量外形数据，对其外形进行拟合，对雷达散射截面进行估算的方法，并对一武装直升飞机进行了理论计算和实验测试，结果吻合较好。