Sea state parameters retrieval from cross-polarization Gaofen-3 SAR data

Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquired in wave mode (WV) and quad-polarization stripmap (QPS) mode default operates in quad-polarization (vertical–vertical (VV), vertical-horizontal (VH), horizontal-horizontal (HH) and horizontal-vertical (HV)) modes. To date, more than GF-3 SAR vignettes following about 110 orbits acquired in WV and QPS mode have been recorded during the mission from April 2016 to December 2017. In the vignettes, ocean surface waves signatures, that are wave-look patterns, are visible in cross-polarization (basically VH). These vignettes are collocated with surface sea state parameters simulated from numerical WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) wave model using a 0.1° grid. There are 11,269 matchups available for studying the relation between sea state parameters and SAR-derived parameters in VH-polarization. A well-known empirical CWAVE model, herein renamed as CPCWAVE_GF3, is adopted for sea state parameter retrieval from GF-3 SAR vignettes with the SAR parameters in the cross-polarization channel. The method yielded a significant correlation coefficient (COR) of 0.79 for wave height (SWH) and 0.72 for second-order cross-zero mean wave period (MWP). Validation against 76 moored buoys resulted in a 0.49 m RMSE of SWH with a 0.21 m scatter index (SI) and validation against 71 moored buoys resulted in a 1.01 s RMSE of MWP with a 0.13 s SI. The comparison of SWH with 116 footprints from the altimeter of Jason-2 also shows a 0.46 m RMSE of SWH with a 0.19 m SI. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of wave retrieval from GF-3 SAR using cross-polarization channels parameters.     

高频地波雷达海杂波背景下目标检测研究综述

高频地波雷达探测距离远、全天候、实时准确探测等优点在目标检测领域广泛应用。针对海杂波会干扰目标检测的问题，分别从非线性预测类、分形类、子空间分解类、对消类等方面对海杂波背景下目标检测方法进行了综合评估。归纳总结国内外相关文献，并对目前方法存在的不足进行总结。为以后深入研究海杂波干扰问题提供参考。     

Classification of solar wind structures and intense geomagnetic storm alarms with self-organizing maps

Intense geomagnetic storms (D_st < −100 nT) usually occur when a large interplanetary duskward-electric field (with Ey > 5 mV m⁻¹) lasts for more than 3 h. In this article, a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network is used to recognize different patterns in the temporal variation of hourly averaged Ey data and to predict intense storms. The input parameters of SOM are the hourly averaged Ey data over 3 h. The output layer of the SOM has a total of 400 neurons. The hourly Ey data are calculated from solar wind data, which are provided by NSSDC OMNIWeb and ACE spacecraft and contain information on 143 intense storms and a fair number of moderate storms, weak storms and quiet periods between September 3, 1966 and June 30, 2002. Our results show that SOM is able to classify solar wind structures and therefore to give timely intense storm alarms. In our SOM, 21 neurons out of 400 are identified to be closely associated with the intense storms and they successfully predict 134 intense storms out of the 143 ones selected. In particular, there are 14 neurons for which, if one or more of them are present, the occurrence probability of intense storms is about 90%. In addition, several of these 14 neurons can predict big magnetic storm (D_st  −180 nT). In summary, our method achieves high accuracy in predicting intense geomagnetic storms and could be applied in space environment prediction.     

CONTOUR DESIGN AND PRACTICE FOR A LOW RADAR CROSS SECTION VEHICLE

ＣＯＮＴＯＵＲＤＥＳＩＧＮＡＮＤＰＲＡＣＴＩＣＥＦＯＲＡＬＯＷＲＡＤＡＲＣＲＯＳＳＳＥＣＴＩＯＮＶＥＨＩＣＬＥＺｈａｎｇＺｈｏｎｇａｎ；ＷａｎｇＬｕｅ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｉｌｏｔｌｅｓｓＡｉｒｃｒａｆｔ，ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅ...     

一种新的基于波形处理的数字式自动测距系统

提出了一种新的基于波形处理的全数字式自动测距系统的设计，介绍了该系统采用的信息匹配滤波器、波形采集和数据传输、波形分析等技术。给出了该系统的实验、雷达外场校飞试验和靶场精度校飞试验的结果。试验结果表明，该系统的原理正确，功能及扩展能力强，性能可靠。     

带限信号采样和数字相参处理

传统的相参处理器包括Ｉ，Ｑ二个通道，存在不避免的幅相不平衡，本文研究中频带限信号采样经数字处理获得零中频正交数字信号的方法，该方法只用一路Ａ／Ｄ转换器直接对中频带限信号进行采样和数字变换，用镜频抑制滤波器，二次重采样移频电路分离零中频信号的同相分量Ｉ。和正交分量Ｑ，因而，该方法能够克服Ｉ，Ｑ通道不平衡，文中对中频频率，采样时钟周期的选择，镜频抑制滤波器的设计进行了详细讨论，选用具有线性相位特性的Ｆ     

用高速数字信号处理器实现雷达视频杂波模拟

研究了雷达视频杂波的实时模拟方法。雷达杂波通常为随机过程。假定杂波包络服从莱斯分布，其功率谱为立方型，这种杂波可用伪随机序列通过特定的滤波器产生。杂波滤波器组可用ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ２５数字信号处理器完成，并与缓冲存储器相组合，实现Ｉ，Ｑ两路杂波数据实时输出。ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ２５数字信号处理器运算速度高、指令功能强，有利于提高杂波模拟速度和模拟器的可编程性。实验中选用双极点递归滤波器产生立方谱杂波数据。计     

双通道高速实时大容量数据采集存储系统

研究了多通道高速实时大容量数据采集存储系统，采用ＦＩＦＯ和多微机，多硬盘了列存储技术，实现了在每通道达２０ＭＨｚ采样速度的情况下，对Ｉ，Ｑ两个通道同是地采集存储数据量达１０００Ｍｂｙｔｅ的高速实时大容量数据采集存储系统。     

SAR图像舰船目标边缘检测

提出了一种在正则化基础上,利用小波变化实现合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像舰船目标边缘检测的新方法。传统的利用小波变换实现图像边缘检测时,阈值需要人为设定。针对这一问题,文章引入正则化超分辨技术,从贝叶斯框架下的估计问题出发,采用非二次正则化,平滑图像,保护强散射点目标,实现对 SAR图像进行去噪。利用小波变换的局部化特性和多尺度分析能力,检测突变信号,实现对舰船目标的边缘检测。该方法去噪效果好,边缘 定位准确,仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

天基预警雷达及其对抗技术

通过分析天基预警雷达系统国外发展现状和趋势,对天基预警雷达系统的关键技术进行了初步探讨。