一种干涉SAR复图像数据的快速仿真方法

为了给干涉测高算法提供具有先验知识的干涉数据,进行算法的定量可控误差分析,以完成算法性能的定量评估,针对干涉SAR(合成孔径雷达)数据仿真进行了深入的研究.考虑多种因素,推导出用于干涉SAR仿真的一种仿真模型,能快速完成干涉SAR面目标复图像的仿真;并提出迭代插值算法反推雷达斜距,既很好地去除了干涉SAR仿真中的奇异点效应,又提高了仿真速度.能够为图像配准、相位解缠产生数据源,也可进行基线估计.计算机仿真结果表明,新仿真模型具有快捷、灵活、多功能性,迭代插值算法也具有快速准确性.     

Interplanetary shocks and sudden impulses during solar maximum (2000) and solar minimum (1995–1996)

In this work a study is performed on the correlation between fast forward interplanetary shock parameters at 1 Astronomical Unit and sudden impulse (SI) amplitudes in the H-component of the geomagnetic field, for periods of solar activity maximum (year 2000) and minimum (year 1995–1996). Solar wind temperature, density and speed, and total magnetic field, were taken to calculate the static pressures (thermal and magnetic) both in the upstream and downstream sides of the shocks. The variations of the solar wind parameters and pressures were then correlated with SI amplitudes. The solar wind speed variations presented good correlations with sudden impulses, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.70 both in solar maximum and solar minimum, whereas the solar wind density presented very low correlation. The parameter better correlated with SI was the square root dynamic pressure variation, showing a larger correlation during solar maximum (r = 0.82) than during solar minimum (r = 0.77). The correlations of SI with square root thermal and magnetic pressure were smaller than with the dynamic pressure, but they also present a good correlation, with r > 0.70 during both solar maximum and minimum. Multiple linear correlation analysis of SI in terms of the three pressure terms have shown that 78% and 85% of the variance in SI during solar maximum and minimum, respectively, are explained by the three pressure variations. Average sudden impulse amplitude was 25 nT during solar maximum and 21 nT during solar minimum, while average square root dynamic pressure variation is 1.20 and 0.86 nPa^1/2 during solar maximum and minimum, respectively. Thus on average, fast forward interplanetary shocks are 33% stronger during solar maximum than during solar minimum, and the magnetospheric SI response has amplitude 20% higher during solar maximum than during solar minimum. A comparison with theoretical predictions (Tsyganenko’s model corrected by Earth’s induced currents) of the coefficient of sudden impulse change with solar wind dynamic pressure variation showed excellent agreement, with values around 17 nT/nPa^1/2.     

Research on a complex CME event including Hα, LASCO, radio and MDI observations

We present our research on a fast and decelerating partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) event detected in multi-wavelengths in the chromosphere and the corona on 14 October, 1999. The event involved a whole complex active area which spanned more than 40° of heliolongitude. It included a strong solar flare (XI/1N) and a complex eruptive filament within an active region of the entire complex. Especially, several radio sources were detected in the decimetric range prior to the CME by the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH). A linear force-free field extrapolation of the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetogram was performed to calculate the magnetic topology of the complex prior to the triggering of the event. The presence of a coronal null point combined with the occurrence of two distant and nearly simultaneous radio sources put strong arguments in favor of the generalized breakout model for the triggering of the eruption. The analysis of the subsequent development of the event suggests that large interconnecting loops were ejected together with the CME.     

动态桨叶RCS特性的实验研究

在微波暗室中测量了金属平板桨叶动态模型的高频雷达散射截面RCS(Radar Cross Section),并通过快速傅立叶变换FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)得到相应的频谱图;详细分析了时域和频域RCS随桨叶片数、雷达波入射方向、入射频率、极化状态和桨叶转速等因素的变化.实验结果表明主要特征是时域RCS呈周期性起伏,频谱图因前行桨叶与后行桨叶散射有差别而不对称,且频谱宽度反映了多普勒效应.取得的结果与已有文献的计算分析一致,对直升机的探测和识别具有重要的参考价值.      

低重频PD雷达的临界散射截面计算方法

提出了低脉冲重复频率PD(Pulse Doppler)雷达探测飞行器目标的临界散射截面的计算方法.针对低重频PD雷达对目标的发现概率计算过程中所遇到的问题,采用临界仰角法处理雷达的未知参数,将之合并为雷达系统特征常数.将低重频PD雷达的旁瓣杂波合理等效为白噪声,处理目标频移落在旁瓣杂波区的情况.采用等效杂波散射截面积叠加旁瓣杂波中目标临界散射截面处理目标频移落在主瓣杂波区的问题,并考虑偏置相位中心天线(DPCA)技术对目标频移落在主瓣杂波中时临界散射截面的影响,使计算结果更合理,从而完善低脉冲重复频率PD雷达在全频域中临界散射截面的计算方法.该方法可应用于计算目标突防时的发现概率.最后以E－2C预警机为例计算某目标突防过程中的临界散射截面.      

保形油箱的隐身与气动设计

在预测保形油箱对飞机隐身性能和气动性能影响的基础上,通过一个典型设计范例研究了保形油箱的隐身与气动设计方法,并与传统副油箱的效果进行了对比.比较结果表明,同样条件下,保形油箱对飞机性能造成的不利影响要比普通副油箱小得多;如果设计适当,保形油箱甚至完全可以改善飞机的隐身和气动性能.在设计过程中,对飞机上可能安装保形油箱的位置及优劣进行了分析,这些经验可以推广到一般保形外挂和其它型号飞机上.总结了保形油箱隐身与气动设计的规律,并在保形油箱设计的基础上,结合其它外挂物的特点,给出了一般保形外挂的隐身与气动设计的特点和设计原则.      

基于LCMV算法的星载SAR距离模糊抑制方法

距离模糊抑制是星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统顶层设计中的关键问题之一.增加天线高度可以抑制距离模糊,但卫星平台往往对天线尺寸有所限制.指出了距离模糊抑制对于提高可视观测带宽度、产生高质量雷达图像的重要性,介绍了距离模糊的数学模型,提出了分布距离模糊度的概念,分析了平均距离模糊度与分布距离模糊度的区别,给出了应用线性约束最小方差(LCMV)算法抑制星载SAR距离模糊的方法.仿真结果证明,该方法在天线高度不变的情况下,不仅能够提高平均距离模糊度,也可以改善分布距离模糊度.      

ATM中的ADS-SSR数据融合研究

二次监视雷达(SSR)和自动相关监视(ADS)系统已经广泛应用于空中交通管理(ATM)系统,特别是终端飞行区.本文分析了民航空中交通管理中的SSR和ADS系统的特点和缺陷,研究了基本类型ADS合同和扩展类型ADS合同对ADS跟踪精度的不同影响,提出了一个ADS-SSR航迹融合的模型,给出此模型的具体算法,并进行了数字仿真.数字仿真表明:该模型算法具有较高的跟踪精度.      

反舰导弹导引头ATE装订电路的设计及应用

阐述了反舰导弹导引头“闭锁时间”装订精度和“距选波门”装订精度在导弹战术技术使用中的重要性。介绍了应用于某型号引头通用ATE的自动装订电路的设计和工作原理     

基于DEM的星载SAR图像模拟以及用于图像精校正

根据星载SAR的距离-多普勒成像原理对DEM的三维位置点进行成像几何位置的计算,然后根据经验公式给出了雷达后向散射系数的模拟方法。针对DEM格网间隔和SAR图像分辨率的不同,以及由于侧视成像雷达的特点而导致山区的迎坡和背坡模拟图像点密度不均匀等问题,采用了基于DEM格网点内插的算法。最后应用模拟的SAR图像和真实图像匹配来实现星载SAR图像的几何精校正处理。通过采用RADARSAT的实际图像进行了图像的模拟和几何校正,证明了方法的可行性。